A1.1 水（分子）：练习题

Which property of water allows it to dissolve a wide range of substances, making it an excellent medium for metabolic reactions?

Water has a latent heat of vaporization of approximately \( 2260 \text{ kJ/kg} \). Which biological process is most directly supported by this specific thermal property?

The exclusion of water molecules from nonpolar surfaces, known as the hydrophobic effect, is a fundamental force in biology. How does this effect primarily contribute to the folding and stability of globular proteins?

Evaporative cooling, such as sweating in mammals, is effective due to which property of water?

Consider a small insect, like a water strider, walking on the surface of a pond. Which property of water allows this phenomenon?

In the structure of a water molecule, which atom carries a partial negative charge (\(\delta^-\)) due to its high electronegativity?

Explain how the high specific heat capacity of water contributes to the thermal stability of aquatic environments and living organisms.

Analyze the thermal properties of water by explaining why the high specific heat capacity requires significant energy input to break hydrogen bonds, and how this stabilizes the internal temperature of large multicellular organisms.

Water molecules exhibit unique properties due to their polar nature and the formation of hydrogen bonds. Answer the following questions regarding the properties of water:

a) Explain why a water molecule is described as a polar molecule. (1 point)
b) Describe how hydrogen bonds form between water molecules. (1 point)
c) State the name of the property of water that allows small insects, such as pond skaters, to walk on the surface of a pond. (1 point)

Water is often referred to as the "universal solvent" due to its unique properties. Explain how the polarity of water molecules allows it to act as an effective solvent for both ionic and polar substances, providing an example for each type of solute.