酸、鹼與鹽：练习题

Which of the following ions is specifically responsible for making an aqueous solution alkaline?

Neutralisation reactions occur when an acid reacts with an alkali. Which of the following ionic equations correctly represents the general reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to produce water?

A student needs to prepare a pure, dry sample of lead(II) sulfate, which is an insoluble salt. Which of the following experimental procedures is most suitable?

In the study of acids and bases, what is the specific definition of an alkali?

In the preparation of a soluble salt from an acid and an insoluble base, why is the base added until no more will react before filtering the mixture?

State the pH of a neutral solution and identify the ion that is responsible for making an aqueous solution acidic.

Explain why ammonia is classified as an alkali when dissolved in water and name the specific ammonium salt produced when it reacts with nitric acid.

Outline the experimental procedure to prepare a pure, dry sample of the insoluble salt silver chloride, starting from silver nitrate and sodium chloride solutions.

A student investigates three solutions, A, B, and C, using universal indicator to determine their properties.
Solution A: Turns the indicator red.
Solution B: Turns the indicator purple.
Solution C: Turns the indicator green.

(a) Identify the nature of Solution A and Solution B as either acidic or alkaline.
(b) State the approximate pH value of Solution C and identify its nature.
(c) Solution A contains a high concentration of \(H^+\) ions. Describe what happens to the pH of the solution as Solution B is slowly added to it, and write the ionic equation for the reaction that occurs between the ions in the two solutions.

A student is asked to prepare a pure, dry sample of magnesium sulfate crystals using magnesium oxide (an insoluble base) and sulfuric acid.

(a) Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction, including state symbols.
(b) Describe the experimental method the student should use. In your answer, explain why the magnesium oxide must be added in excess and how the student can ensure that all the sulfuric acid has reacted.
(c) Name the physical process used to obtain solid crystals from the resulting solution.