Cells and cell structure：练习题

Which of the following substances is the main component of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells such as bacteria?

How does the DNA found in a mitochondrion compare to the DNA found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

A scientist wishes to study the internal structure of a ribosome. Why is an electron microscope preferred over an optical microscope for this task?

In the provided diagram of a eukaryotic cell, which organelle labeled X is responsible for the synthesis of proteins that will be transported out of the cell?

Which of the following is a specific limitation of using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) rather than a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)?

Briefly describe the role of lysosomes in the maintaining of cellular health in eukaryotic organisms.

Describe the appearance of the Golgi apparatus under an electron microscope and state its primary role in the processing of proteins.

Explain how the wavelength of the radiation used in an electron microscope allows for a higher resolution compared to an optical microscope, and identify one limitation of using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

The structure of a cell is closely related to its function.
a) A cell is observed under an electron microscope and is found to contain many mitochondria, a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and a prominent Golgi apparatus. Deduce the likely function of this cell and explain your reasoning.
b) Contrast the structure of the cell wall in a eukaryotic plant cell with that of a prokaryotic cell.
c) Describe the principles of cell fractionation and ultracentrifugation used to isolate the mitochondria for further study.