Positive and normative economic statements：练习题

A government report states: "The unemployment rate in the UK fell to 3.8% in the last quarter, which is the lowest level in several decades. Consequently, the government should prioritize increasing the national minimum wage to further reduce poverty."

Which of the following correctly identifies the nature of these statements?

Which of the following statements contains a normative economic element?

Which of the following would be classified as a normative economic statement regarding the allocation of resources in a mixed economy?

Consider the following two statements:
Statement 1: "A 10% increase in the excise duty on tobacco reduces cigarette consumption by 4%."
Statement 2: "The government ought to raise tobacco taxes to discourage smoking among teenagers."

Classify each statement as positive or normative, and explain the key difference between the two types of statements.

Distinguish between the following two economic statements and explain the role of value judgements in the second statement:
(i) "A increase in the national minimum wage to \( \#15 \) per hour will lead to a \( 2\% \) rise in unemployment."
(ii) "The government should increase the national minimum wage to provide a more equitable standard of living for the poorest workers."

Explain how value judgements influence economic policymaking even when policymakers have access to objective, positive economic data.