構造災害的全球分布與板塊構造理論：练习题

• a.

  An improvement in community resilience.

• b.

  An increase in human vulnerability.

• c.

  The implementation of effective land-use zoning.

• d.

  A decrease in the magnitude of the physical event.

• a.

  The displacement of the water column in a subduction zone.

• b.

  The buildup of tephra and ash fall during a volcanic eruption.

• c.

  The propagation of P, S, and L earthquake waves.

• d.

  The flow of water-saturated volcanic debris known as a lahar.

• a.

  Because they rely solely on soft engineering strategies which are ineffective against earthquakes.

• b.

  Because they are exclusively located on divergent plate boundaries with high volcanic explosivity.

• c.

  Because these zones are always characterized by a lack of urban governance and high population density.

• d.

  Because secondary tectonic hazards can be triggered by or interact with hydrometeorological events, lowering resilience.

• a.

  \(Risk = \frac{Hazard \times Resilience}{Vulnerability}\)

• b.

  \(Risk = Hazard + Vulnerability - Resilience\)

• c.

  \(Risk = \frac{Magnitude \times Frequency}{Vulnerability}\)

• d.

  \(Risk = \frac{Hazard \times Vulnerability}{Resilience}\)

• a.

  The immediate actions taken to save lives and provide emergency aid.

• b.

  The stage where the quality of life begins to return to normal or is improved through reconstruction.

• c.

  The point at which the hazard first impacts the human system.

• d.

  The long-term prevention strategies implemented before a hazard occurs.

先自己写一遍答案，再对照解题步骤。

先自己写一遍答案，再对照解题步骤。