維持與提升體育活動及表現的準備與訓練方法：练习题

A high-performance track athlete is planning a 12-month periodisation program to peak for a major championship. During the preparation phase, specifically the general preparatory sub-phase, which of the following training focuses would be most appropriate according to Edexcel principles?

A high-level rugby player performs a Wingate test to assess their anaerobic performance. If the results show a high peak power but a very high fatigue index, what does this indicate about their physical preparation?

In the context of fitness testing and the interpretation of data, which test would provide the most valid measure of an athlete's anaerobic power during a \(30\)-second maximal effort?

When comparing interval training and Fartlek training for a mid-distance runner, which statement regarding the physiological impact of their structure is most accurate?

Using Karvonen’s theory, calculate the target heart rate (THR) for a 20-year-old athlete with a resting heart rate (RHR) of \(60\text{ bpm}\), training at an intensity of \(80\%\).

Using Karvonen’s theory, calculate the target heart rate for an athlete with a resting heart rate of 60 bpm and a maximum heart rate of 190 bpm, working at 70% intensity.

Contrast the use of altitude training and heat acclimatization as preparation methods for an endurance athlete competing at sea level.

Explain the physiological benefit of using Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) as a flexibility training method compared to static stretching.

An elite track cyclist is preparing for the individual pursuit. As part of their training macrocycle, the coach has integrated specific training methods to enhance both power and speed-agility-quickness (SAQ).

(a) Define progressive overload and explain how it would be applied to a weight training programme for this cyclist.
(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using plyometrics as a training method for an athlete in this discipline.

A marathon runner is transitioning from the general preparation phase to the specific preparation phase. The coach intends to use Karvonen’s theory to set training intensities.

(a) Using Karvonen's theory, calculate the target heart rate (THR) for this runner at an intensity of \(75\%\). The runner is \(20\) years old and has a resting heart rate (RHR) of \(50\) bpm. Assume maximum heart rate (MHR) is calculated as \(220 - \text{age}\).
(b) Justify the use of continuous training versus fartlek training for this athlete, referencing the physiological adaptations required for marathon performance.