Synthetic polymers：练习题

Which statement correctly explains why many addition polymers, such as poly(ethene), are difficult to dispose of in landfill sites?

A repeat unit of an addition polymer is shown as \( -(CH_2-CH(CH_3))- \). What is the name of the monomer used to form this polymer?

Addition polymers are formed by joining together a large number of small molecules. What is the specific name given to these small starting molecules?

In condensation polymerisation, a dicarboxylic acid reacts with a diol. What are the two products of this reaction?

Some modern polyesters are designed to be broken down naturally by microorganisms in the environment. What is the name given to this specific type of polymer?

Identify two environmental problems associated with the disposal of addition polymers by burning or by placing them in landfill sites.

Explain why addition polymers are described as inert and state one problem this property causes for their disposal in landfills.

Compare addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation in terms of the number of products formed and the types of monomers involved.

Addition polymers are formed from monomers such as ethene.
(a) State what is meant by the term monomer.
(b) Draw the repeat unit of poly(ethene).
(c) Explain why the monomer ethene is described as unsaturated, whereas the polymer poly(ethene) is described as saturated.

Polyesters can be represented by their repeat units.
(a) A polyester is formed from ethanedioic acid (\( HOOC-COOH \)) and ethanediol (\( HO-CH_2-CH_2-OH \)). Draw the structural formula of the repeat unit for this polyester.
(b) Identify the name of the linkage formed between the monomers in a polyester.
(c) Explain why some polyesters, known as biopolyesters, are considered more environmentally friendly than traditional addition polymers.