有機化學導論與烷烴：练习题

Which of the following is a common pollutant specifically formed during the incomplete combustion of alkane fuels?

What is the IUPAC name for the alkane shown in the skeletal formula below?

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that can exhibit structural isomerism. How many structural isomers (including the straight-chain isomer) exist for an alkane with the molecular formula \( \text{C}_6\text{H}_{14} \)?

What is the general formula for a cycloalkane?

How many structural isomers are there for the alkane with the molecular formula \( \text{C}_4\text{H}_{10} \)?

Give the IUPAC name for the alkane with the structural formula \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 \) and state its molecular formula.

Define the term homolytic fission in the context of bond breaking in organic chemistry.

Ethane and ethene are both hydrocarbons but belong to different homologous series.

(a) Describe a chemical test to distinguish between ethane and ethene. State the reagent used and the observation for each compound.
(b) Ethene can be converted into ethane in an addition reaction. State the reagent and the catalyst required for this conversion.
(c) Draw the displayed formula for the product formed when ethene reacts with bromine water.