地質災害與質量運動：練習題

Which of the following is a natural external process that describes the downslope movement of rock and soil under the direct influence of gravity?

A slope becomes unstable when the shear stress exceeds the shear strength. Which of the following human activities directly increases shear stress?

Which of the following combinations correctly matches a slope stabilization measure with its primary function in terms of mechanics?

Which of the following is the fundamental force driving all types of mass movements?

Which of the following describes how the installation of soil nails helps to prevent landslides on a steep slope?

What is the fundamental force responsible for initiating all types of mass movements?

Explain how prolonged rainfall can increase the likelihood of a mass movement on a hillslope.

Evaluate why slope maintenance, such as the regular clearing of weepholes in retaining walls, is critical for preventing mass movements in Hong Kong's urban environment during the monsoon season.

Mass movements, such as landslides, are significant geological hazards that pose considerable threats to communities worldwide, particularly in regions with challenging topography and high population density.

(a) Define mass movement. Explain how one geological factor, one climatic factor, and one human-induced factor can increase the risk of mass movement. (4 marks)

(b) Evaluate the challenges involved in the effective management of mass movement hazards in densely populated urban areas, such as Hong Kong. In your answer, refer to both structural and non-structural mitigation strategies and their limitations. (4 marks)