Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment：練習題

• a.Glycogenolysis
• b.Gluconeogenesis
• c.Glycolysis
• d.Glycogenesis

• a.Adrenaline acts as a transcription factor, moving into the nucleus to stimulate the expression of the glucagon gene.
• b.Adrenaline enters the liver cell and binds directly to an enzyme that converts glycogen into glucose.
• c.Adrenaline binds to a transmembrane receptor, activating adenylate cyclase to convert ATP into cAMP, which activates protein kinase.
• d.Adrenaline activates channel proteins in the cell membrane, allowing for the facilitated diffusion of glucose into the blood.

• a.To switch a biological process from a slow-acting hormonal control to a fast-acting nervous control.
• b.To amplify a stimulus to ensure a rapid and overwhelming physiological response.
• c.To restore a system to its original level or set point following a departure.
• d.To prevent any changes from ever occurring in the internal environment.

• a.It acts as a transcription factor that moves into the nucleus to stimulate glycogenesis.
• b.It directly hydrolyses glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate in the cytoplasm.
• c.It phosphorylates GLUT4 carrier proteins to increase the rate of facilitated diffusion of glucose.
• d.It converts ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP), which then activates protein kinase.

• a.Passive diffusion of water out of the ascending limb increases the concentration of the urine.
• b.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases the permeability of the ascending limb to water.
• c.The descending limb becomes permeable to sodium ions, allowing them to enter the filtrate by active transport.
• d.Active transport of sodium ions out of the ascending limb creates a low water potential in the interstitial space of the medulla.

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。