電腦運算應用的影響：練習題

In many regions, the use of facial recognition technology in public spaces is restricted by specific statutes regarding data protection and privacy. When a company is sued for violating these statutes, it is dealing with which type of issue?

A new 'Smart City' initiative uses ubiquitous sensors to monitor behavior and automatically fine citizens for minor infractions like littering or jaywalking. While this improves public order, what is the primary moral and cultural concern regarding the 'massive transformations' in communication and monitoring?

Consider a scenario where an AI is used to screen job applications. It is found that the AI consistently ranks candidates from certain cultural backgrounds lower because it was trained on biased historical data. This represents a failure in which responsibility of the computer scientist?

A software company develops an algorithm that automates the shortlisting of job candidates. After six months, it is discovered that the algorithm consistently ranks male candidates higher than female candidates for engineering roles, despite similar qualifications. What type of issue does this represent?

Which of the following describes a social opportunity provided by developments in computer science?

Explain what is meant by the individual (moral) and social (ethical) opportunities and risks of computing in the context of personal information.

Describe one ethical trade-off a company must consider when deciding whether to use a proprietary algorithm versus an open-source one for public services.

Analyze how the dissemination of personal information by third-party data brokers can lead to social inequality.

The Data Protection Act 2018 (the UK's implementation of GDPR) sets out specific legal requirements for organizations handling personal data.
a. State two legal principles that a company must follow when collecting customer data for a new mobile application.
b. Explain the legal consequences for a computer scientist who intentionally accesses a private database without authorization, referring to relevant UK legislation.

The 'Digital Divide' refers to the gap between those who have access to modern information and communication technology and those who do not.
a. Discuss the social implications of the digital divide on the educational opportunities for children in lower-income households.
b. Suggest one way that legislators could address this issue through policy.