1H Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855–1964：練習題

• a.

  Interest-free loans provided by the Peasant Land Bank

• b.

  Labor service requirements known as barshchina

• c.

  A direct tax on grain production collected by the mir

• d.

  Redemption payments spread over \(49\) years

• a.

  It was used to justify the execution of Bukharin for his support of international revolutionary funding.

• b.

  It served as the primary reason for Russia's withdrawal from the Comintern to focus on internal Five Year Plans.

• c.

  It allowed Stalin to paint Trotsky's theory of 'Permanent Revolution' as defeatist and a threat to national stability.

• d.

  It provided the ideological basis for the immediate and total abandonment of the New Economic Policy (NEP).

• a.

  The introduction of trial by jury for serious criminal offenses.

• b.

  The transfer of all serious criminal cases to the Third Section (secret police).

• c.

  The requirement that all provincial judges be members of the hereditary nobility.

• d.

  The dissolution of local peasant courts (volost courts) to create legal uniformity.

• a.

  To enforce cultural and linguistic uniformity to preserve autocratic stability and curb ethnic nationalism.

• b.

  To encourage the migration of ethnic Russians to the Far East to facilitate industrial growth in Siberia.

• c.

  To modernize the Russian Orthodox Church by integrating Western European theological practices and educational standards.

• d.

  To grant limited administrative autonomy to Poland and Finland in exchange for loyalty to the Romanov dynasty.

• a.

  To announce the immediate transition from Socialism to full Communism within a \(5\)-year period.

• b.

  To condemn the entire history of the Soviet Union since \(1917\) as a sequence of ideological failures.

• c.

  To formally renounce the Marxist-Leninist goal of worldwide proletarian revolution.

• d.

  To criticize the 'cult of personality' and illegalities associated with Stalin while preserving the legitimacy of the Communist Party.

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。