量化與質化研究方法；研究設計：練習題

• a.Official government statistics on crime rates.
• b.Results from a laboratory experiment.
• c.Responses gathered from a structured questionnaire.
• d.Personal documents such as diaries and letters.

• a.By learning to take the role of the other and seeing ourselves as others see us.
• b.Solely through the passive absorption of dominant ideological state apparatuses.
• c.Through the internalisation of social facts and external constraints.
• d.As a direct result of biological predispositions and genetic inheritance.

• a.It focuses entirely on the statistical analysis of income inequality rather than the subjective experience of the worker.
• b.It places more emphasis on the role of culture and the 'culture industry' in maintaining capitalist hegemony rather than just economic structures.
• c.It argues that the proletariat will naturally develop a revolutionary consciousness without any external influence.
• d.It rejects the idea that class conflict is a relevant factor in modern capitalist societies.

• a.

  It reduces practical costs by allowing the researcher to collect data from a smaller, non-representative sample.

• b.

  It eliminates the need for informed consent by anonymizing the participants through multiple data sources.

• c.

  It guarantees reliability by ensuring the exact same results are produced across different time periods.

• d.

  It increases validity by using different methods to cross-check findings and offset the weaknesses of a single method.

• a.Because the subjective meanings of actors are irrelevant to the identification of social causes.
• b.Because science often studies unobservable underlying structures (like magnetic fields) through their observable effects.
• c.Because sociology only deals with closed systems where all variables can be strictly controlled.
• d.Because social facts are external to individuals and can be measured using exactly the same tools as physics.

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。