Solids, liquids and gases：練習題

Which state of matter has a fixed volume but no fixed shape at room temperature and pressure?

A gas syringe contains a sample of Helium. If the absolute temperature (in Kelvin) of the gas is doubled while the volume is kept constant, what happens to the pressure?

When a pure solid is heated, its temperature rises until it begins to melt. During the melting process, the temperature remains constant even though thermal energy is still being supplied.
Which statement explains why the temperature stays constant during melting?

Which state of matter is the most easily compressed when pressure is applied?

The diagram shows a heating curve for a pure substance. What is happening to the kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles during the horizontal section labelled X, where the solid is melting?

State the effect on the volume of a fixed mass of gas if the pressure is increased while the temperature remains constant.

Explain, in terms of particle separation, why gases can be compressed into a smaller volume but solids cannot.

Explain why the pressure of a gas increases when it is compressed into a smaller volume at a constant temperature.

Compare the characteristics of solids and gases based on the kinetic particle theory. Your answer should address the following points:
(a) The arrangement of particles in each state.
(b) The relative separation of particles.
(c) The motion of particles in each state.
(d) The compressibility of the substance in each state.

A heating curve is plotted for a solid substance being heated until it boils.
(a) Describe the energy changes occurring during a plateau (horizontal section) on the curve.
(b) Describe what happens to the arrangement of particles during the melting plateau.
(c) Explain why the temperature does not rise during the change of state even though heat is being added.