The nuclear model of the atom：練習題

A neutral atom is represented by the nuclide notation \({}^{14}_{6}\text{C}\).

What is the number of nucleons in the nucleus of this atom?

In the alpha-particle scattering experiment, most alpha particles directed at a thin metal foil pass straight through without being deflected. What is the conclusion from this observation?

Consider two nuclei, Nucleus P and Nucleus Q.
Nucleus P: \(Z = 6, A = 14\)
Nucleus Q: \(Z = 7, A = 14\)

Which statement correctly compares the properties of these two nuclei?

Which relationship correctly defines the nucleon number \(A\) of a nucleus?

Which statement correctly describes the process of nuclear fusion?

State the relative charges of a proton, a neutron, and an electron.

Explain why an atom containing \(11\) protons and \(12\) neutrons is electrically neutral and describe how it would become a positive ion.

Describe the distribution of mass and charge within an atom according to the nuclear model and explain how the results of the alpha-particle scattering experiment support the existence of a very small nucleus.

The nuclear model of the atom describes the arrangement of subatomic particles.

(a) Use the nuclide notation \({}^{23}_{11}\text{Na}\) to identify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of Sodium.
(b) State where most of the mass of the atom is concentrated.
(c) Define the term isotope.

A neutral atom of chlorine is represented by the nuclide notation \( \text{}^{37}_{17}\text{Cl} \).

(a) State the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of this atom. (2)
(b) The atom gains one electron to form a negative ion. Identify the total number of electrons in this ion and state its relative charge. (2)
(c) Explain why an atom with notation \( \text{}^{35}_{17}\text{Cl} \) is considered an isotope of the first atom. (1)