風險、不確定性與應變計劃：練習題

• a.Risk is caused by internal factors only, while uncertainty is caused by external factors.
• b.Risk can always be avoided by managers, but uncertainty is a guaranteed part of business.
• c.Risk refers to financial losses only, while uncertainty refers to non-financial issues.
• d.Risk involves known potential outcomes with calculable probabilities, whereas uncertainty involves unknown outcomes.

• a.An automatic increase in the firm's market share
• b.Improvement in the business's brand image due to 'bold' decision-making
• c.Increased difficulty in securing affordable finance from lenders and investors
• d.A guaranteed reduction in total variable costs

• a.Diversifying the product portfolio to spread risk across different markets
• b.Increasing fixed costs by purchasing highly specialized, non-adaptable machinery
• c.Ignoring external data and relying solely on historical internal sales figures
• d.Focusing all R&D budget on a single, high-risk innovation

• a.A change in the national minimum wage legislation
• b.An increase in interest rates by the Central Bank
• c.Failure of a major piece of internal machinery
• d.A sudden recession in the national economy

• a.

  An inverse relationship where the highest risks always lead to the lowest rewards.

• b.

  A positive correlation where higher potential risks require higher potential rewards.

• c.

  A relationship where rewards are only possible if the risk is eliminated entirely.

• d.

  A static relationship where the level of risk has no impact on expected profit.

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。

先自己寫一次答案，再對照解題步驟。