有氧訓練：練習題

• a.

  Increased recruitment of fast glycolytic (Type IIx) muscle fibres

• b.

  Decreased concentration of myoglobin in the muscle tissue

• c.

  Hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall to increase contractility

• d.

  Increased density of mitochondria within the skeletal muscle cells

• a.

  Increased capillarisation at the lungs decreases the speed of gas exchange, slowing down the cardiac cycle

• b.

  The heart muscle becomes less efficient, requiring more time to refill with blood between contractions

• c.

  Cardiac hypertrophy leads to an increased stroke volume, allowing the required cardiac output to be maintained with a lower heart rate

• d.

  The total volume of blood in the body decreases, requiring the heart to beat less frequently to avoid over-pressurisation

• a.

  Stroke volume increases due to increased venous return, allowing heart rate to decrease.

• b.

  Stroke volume remains stable while heart rate decreases to prevent myocardial fatigue.

• c.

  Both stroke volume and heart rate increase to meet the heightened oxygen demand of the muscles.

• d.

  Stroke volume decreases due to reduced plasma volume, and heart rate increases to maintain cardiac output.

• a.

  Queen’s College step test

• b.

  Cooper 12 minute run

• c.

  Laboratory test of \(VO_2\) max using direct gas analysis

• d.

  NCF multi-stage fitness test

• a.

  It increases slightly due to improved efficiency in peripheral oxygen extraction

• b.

  It remains stable until age 60 provided that regular training is maintained

• c.

  It is unaffected by biological age and is determined solely by training volume

• d.

  It declines by approximately 1% per year due to a reduction in maximum heart rate and stroke volume

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