飲食與營養：練習題

A strength athlete consumes a diet high in protein to support muscle hypertrophy. According to the syllabus, what is the primary function of protein in a balanced diet for an athlete?

An elite track cyclist is considering the use of creatine monohydrate. Evaluate the physiological impact of this supplement on the ATP-PC system and identify a potential risk associated with its use.

When considering energy balance, an athlete experiences a state where energy intake is lower than energy expenditure. What is the most likely physiological consequence of maintaining this state over a prolonged training block?

Evaluate the timing and composition of a pre-event meal for an endurance athlete. What is the physiological rationale for consuming low glycaemic index (GI) carbohydrates 3 hours before competition?

A high-performance athlete is adjusting their vitamin intake to support energy metabolism and bone health. Which pair of vitamins is correctly matched to their physiological function in a sporting context?

A sprinter wants to optimize their creatine monohydrate supplementation. Explain the physiological mechanism by which increased creatine stores enhance performance during high-intensity, short-duration exercise, and state one potential risk associated with its long-term use.

Explain the concept of energy balance in relation to a professional athlete during their transition phase of periodization. Describe how an imbalance in energy intake versus expenditure during this specific phase could negatively impact their physiological adaptations for the upcoming preparatory phase.

An elite endurance athlete is experiencing chronic fatigue despite meeting caloric requirements. Identify two specific minerals they should increase in their diet to support energy metabolism and oxygen transport, and explain the physiological importance of each.

The timing and composition of meals are critical nutritional considerations for endurance athletes.

(a) Describe the physiological objective of consuming high-glycemic index carbohydrates immediately after an exhaustive training session.
(b) Discuss the importance of hydration during a 90-minute football match, referencing the specific impact of dehydration on the cardiovascular system and the player's ability to regulate body temperature.

Elite endurance athletes often manipulate their intake of specific nutritional aids to gain a competitive edge.

(a) Analyze the benefits and potential side effects of using caffeine as a stimulant for a triathlete.
(b) Explain the role of nitrate supplementation in improving exercise efficiency.
(c) Why might a marathon runner use bicarbonate loading, and what is the primary physiological risk associated with its consumption?