An original Thinka practice paper modelled on the structure and difficulty of the 2021 HKDSE 中國語文 paper. Not affiliated with or reproduced from HKDSE.
卷一 Part A (指定閱讀篇章)
根據「指定閱讀篇章」回答所有問題。要求準確摘錄原文並清晰解釋其思想哲理。
8 題目 · 22 分
題目 1 · short-answer
2 分
Explain the meaning of the bold word in the following sentence from the prescribed classical text:
「假舟楫者，非能水也，而絕江河。」（荀子《勸學》）
絕：
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解題
In the context of the sentence from Xunzi's Encouraging Learning (《勸學》), 「絕」 is used as a verb describing crossing over a body of water. Thus, it means 'to cross' or 'to traverse' (橫渡／橫越).
評分準則
Marking Criteria: - 2 marks: Accurately explains the meaning as 「橫渡」 / 「橫越」 / 「渡過」 (to cross / traverse). - 1 mark: Incomplete or general explanation conveying crossing without clear precision. - 0 marks: Incorrect meaning (e.g., explaining as 「斷絕」 [to sever] or 「極」 [extreme]), irrelevant answer, or blank.
題目 2 · short-answer
2 分
Explain the meaning of the bold word in the following sentence from the prescribed classical text:
「六藝經傳皆通習之，不拘於時，學於余。」（韓愈《師說》）
拘：
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解題
In the context of Han Yu's On Teaching (《師說》), 「拘」 means to be restricted, bound, or constrained (限制／拘束) by the customs or social prejudices of the contemporary era (「時」).
評分準則
Marking Criteria: - 2 marks: Accurately explains the meaning as 「拘束」 / 「限制」 / 「受約束」 (to be restricted / constrained / bound). - 1 mark: Incomplete or slightly off explanation that partially captures the concept of limitation. - 0 marks: Incorrect meaning (e.g., 「逮捕」 / 「拘留」), irrelevant answer, or blank.
In Zhuangzi's Xiaoyaoyou (Carefree Journey), Zhuangzi mentions the great yak (斄牛), noting that 'it is as large as clouds hanging from the sky, and can do great things, but cannot catch a single rat.' What philosophical point is Zhuangzi conveying through this comparison?
A.Human evaluations of utility are limited, and lacking petty functional usefulness allows an entity to preserve its nature and transcend conventional constraints.
B.Even the largest and mightiest beings will inevitably face existential peril if they fail to adapt to worldly demands.
C.Spiritual freedom requires individuals to completely forsake physical existence and societal interactions.
D.Entities with immense power naturally bear the responsibility of governing the weaker members of society.
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解題
In Xiaoyaoyou, Zhuangzi uses the example of the great yak (斄牛) in contrast to the weasel (狸狌). While the weasel is agile and good at catching small prey, it dies in snares and traps due to its small cleverness. Conversely, although the yak cannot catch mice (a petty utility), it is free from the danger of traps and hunters because it is not constrained by conventional usefulness. Zhuangzi illustrates that conventional society's standard of 'usefulness' is narrow and trivial; true greatness lies in transcending petty functional utility, which preserves one's nature and enables carefree wandering.
評分準則
2 marks for correct answer (A); 0 marks for incorrect or multiple options selected.
題目 5 · 選擇題
2 分
In Mencius's Fish I Want (《魚我所欲也》), a starving passerby or beggar refuses food that is offered contemptuously or kicked towards them. However, someone later accepts a huge stipend of 'ten thousand bushels of grain' (萬鍾) without considering ritual propriety and righteousness (禮義). According to Mencius, what is the fundamental reason for this behavioral change?
A.The harsh environment has completely extinguished all innate moral instincts in humans from birth.
B.The person has lost their innate moral conscience ('original heart') by yielding to material desires and vanity.
C.The person has realized that preserving biological life is the ultimate prerequisite for performing moral duties.
D.The ruler's authority and coercive laws supersede the individual's personal moral autonomy.
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解題
Mencius points out that every human inherently possesses the innate moral heart (本心) that values righteousness above life itself, as evidenced by the starving beggar refusing insulting food. However, when people are seduced by material luxuries—such as grand houses, the service of wives and concubines, or gratitude from poor acquaintances—they compromise righteousness and accept lavish stipends. Mencius defines this moral deterioration as 'losing one's original heart' (失其本心).
評分準則
2 marks for correct answer (B); 0 marks for incorrect or multiple options selected.
題目 6 · Argumentation / Image Contrast Analysis
4 分
In Xunzi's Encouraging Learning (《勸學》節錄), the author contrasts the earthworm (螾) with the crab (蟹). Explain how this contrast illustrates the importance of persistence and single-minded dedication in learning.
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解題
1. Analysis of the Earthworm (螾): The earthworm lacks claws, sharp teeth, and strong muscles or bones, yet by focusing entirely on a single goal with a dedicated mind ('用心一也'), it can eat soil above and drink underground spring water below, achieving remarkable results despite severe physical disadvantages.
2. Analysis of the Crab (蟹): In contrast, the crab possesses six legs (eight legs) and two pincers ('六跪而二螯'), but because of its restless, divided mind ('用心躁也'), it cannot even make its own shelter and must rely on the burrows dug by snakes and eels to survive.
3. Application to the Argument on Learning: Through this vivid contrast, Xunzi argues that innate advantages or disadvantages do not determine one's learning outcome. Rather, persistent effort and singular focus ('用心一') lead to solid intellectual and moral achievement, while a fickle, easily distracted attitude ('用心躁') yields nothing despite natural advantages.
評分準則
4-point Rubric Breakdown: - Top Level (4 marks): Accurately explains the concrete traits/contrast between the earthworm and the crab (2 marks), and thoroughly articulates how this contrast demonstrates the necessity of single-minded focus ('用心一') vs. the futility of restlessness ('用心躁') in the process of learning (2 marks). Clear expression and logical elaboration. - Upper-middle Level (3 marks): Explains the contrast between both creatures and connects it to dedication in learning, but the elaboration on the philosophical argument is slightly less detailed. - Lower-middle Level (2 marks): Identifies the contrasting images of the earthworm and the crab, but only provides a brief or general link to learning attitude. - Bottom Level (1 mark): Only mentions the basic features of one creature or provides an inaccurate/incomplete comparison without clear linkage to the thesis. - 0 marks: Irrelevant answer, complete misconception, or no response.
題目 7 · Argumentation / Image Contrast Analysis
4 分
In Han Yu's On Teaching (《師說》), the author contrasts the 'ancient sages' (古之聖人) with the 'contemporary mediocrities' (今之眾人). Explain how this comparison reinforces his criticism of the social trend of refusing to learn from teachers.
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解題
1. The Ancient Sages (古之聖人): Sages far surpassed ordinary people in wisdom and capability ('其出人也遠矣'), yet they still humbled themselves to follow teachers and seek instruction ('猶且從師而問焉'). As a result, their wisdom and moral stature grew even greater ('聖益聖').
2. The Contemporary Mediocrities (今之眾人): In contrast, contemporary ordinary people fall far short of the sages ('其下聖人也亦遠矣'), yet they feel ashamed to seek teachers and learn from others ('而恥學於師'). As a result, their ignorance and foolishness become deeper ('愚益愚').
3. Effect of the Contrast: This stark reversal exposes the absurdity of contemporary scholar-officials: those who possess the greatest knowledge seek learning diligently, whereas those in desperate need of knowledge shun it out of false pride. This powerfully validates Han Yu's conclusion that the contemporary decline in learning ('師道之不傳') stems from foolish self-satisfaction.
評分準則
4-point Rubric Breakdown: - Top Level (4 marks): Accurately explains both sides of the contrast—the ancient sages' attitude/result vs. the contemporary mass's attitude/result (2 marks), and thoroughly elaborates how this sharp irony highlights the folly and arrogance of contemporary society's refusal to follow teachers (2 marks). - Upper-middle Level (3 marks): Accurately describes the contrast between the sages and the contemporary public, with a clear but slightly brief explanation of the critique. - Lower-middle Level (2 marks): Outlines the contrast between the two groups, but provides only a superficial connection to the criticism of contemporary society. - Bottom Level (1 mark): Mentions only one group or provides a vague description without meaningful contrast. - 0 marks: Irrelevant response or fundamental misunderstanding of the text.
題目 8 · Argumentation / Image Contrast Analysis
4 分
In Fan Zhongyan's Record of Yueyang Tower (《岳陽樓記》), how does the author use the contrasting emotional reactions of 'exiled scholars and poets' (遷客騷人) to different weather conditions to lead up to the elevated ideal of the 'ancient benevolent men' (古仁人之心)?
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解題
1. Contrasting Emotions of the Exiled Scholars (遷客騷人): - In gloomy, rainy weather ('若夫霪雨霏霏'), they feel homesick, fearful of slander, overwhelmed by grief and gloom ('感極而悲者矣'). - In bright, clear spring weather ('至若春和景明'), they feel carefree, joyous, and complacent ('其喜洋洋者矣'). - Both states show that ordinary scholars' emotions are entirely dominated by external environments and personal fortunes ('以物喜，以己悲').
2. Transition to the Ideal of 'Ancient Benevolent Men' (古仁人之心): - Fan Zhongyan uses these two extremes as a foil to introduce the contrasting, transcendent stance of ancient sages: 'not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personal setbacks' (不以物喜，不以己悲). - This contrast elevates the overarching moral theme: true benevolent leaders remain steadfast in their concern for the ruler when serving at court and for the people when in exile, exemplifying the ideal to 'be the first to worry about the world's troubles, and the last to enjoy its happiness' (先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂).
評分準則
4-point Rubric Breakdown: - Top Level (4 marks): Accurately explains the twofold contrast of the exile-scholars' emotions under stormy vs. sunny scenery (2 marks), and thoroughly explains how this serves as a foil to highlight the moral transcendence and public devotion of the 'ancient benevolent men' ('不以物喜，不以己悲' / '先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂') (2 marks). - Upper-middle Level (3 marks): Clearly explains the contrast in emotional responses and links it to the ideal of the ancient benevolent men, though the thematic analysis could be more comprehensive. - Lower-middle Level (2 marks): Describes the contrasting weather and emotions, but fails to fully explain how it serves as a foil to the ancient benevolent men. - Bottom Level (1 mark): Only describes one emotional reaction or gives an overly brief and fragmented response. - 0 marks: Irrelevant answer or erroneous analysis.
In modern narrative prose (Text 1), what primary literary effect is achieved when the author shifts the setting from a cramped, noisy train compartment into a wide, sunlit open field at the climax of the journey?
(1) Symbolizing the protagonist's release from psychological stagnation (2) Foreshadowing an impending conflict between the travelling passengers (3) Highlighting the stark emotional contrast between isolation and human warmth (4) Criticizing the rapid industrialization of rural communities
A. (1) and (3) only B. (2) and (4) only C. (1), (2) and (3) only D. (2), (3) and (4) only
A.(1) and (3) only
B.(2) and (4) only
C.(1), (2) and (3) only
D.(2), (3) and (4) only
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解題
Statement (1) is correct because the open, sunlit scenery serves as an objective correlative reflecting the narrator's emotional epiphany and liberation from spiritual weariness. Statement (3) is correct because the visual brightness outside contrasts sharply with the earlier gloomy, isolated atmosphere inside the carriage, reinforcing the theme of empathy overcoming alienation. Statements (2) and (4) are incorrect because the scene resolves rather than creates conflict, and the text focuses on human compassion rather than social critique of industrialization. Therefore, the correct option is A.
評分準則
Award 2 marks for selecting option A. Award 0 marks for incorrect options or multiple answers.
題目 2 · multiple_choice
2 分
With reference to the comparative reading of Text 1 (fiction) and Text 2 (essay), what is the main purpose of the author in Text 2 when referring back to the young protagonist's perspective in Text 1?
A. To expose the factual inaccuracies in the historical background described in Text 1. B. To reflect on how modern urbanites can cultivate genuine empathy and transcend their self-absorption. C. To argue that youth in contemporary society face far greater economic hardship than past generations. D. To demonstrate that artistic literature has little relevance to the daily struggles of ordinary people.
A.To expose the factual inaccuracies in the historical background described in Text 1.
B.To reflect on how modern urbanites can cultivate genuine empathy and transcend their self-absorption.
C.To argue that youth in contemporary society face far greater economic hardship than past generations.
D.To demonstrate that artistic literature has little relevance to the daily struggles of ordinary people.
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解題
In Text 2, the essayist uses the narrative core of Text 1 (the selfless act of sharing fruit across social boundaries) as a philosophical springboard to critique the alienated, self-absorbed mindset of modern commuters, urging readers to open their hearts to fleeting yet profound human connections. Hence, option B is correct.
評分準則
Award 2 marks for selecting option B. Award 0 marks for incorrect options or multiple answers.
題目 3 · multiple_choice
2 分
In classical Chinese prose, identifying the precise grammatical function of function words is essential. In which of the following sentences does the word 「適」 (shì) have a DIFFERENT meaning from the others?
A. 適逢天雨，遂不得行。 B. 貧者語于富者曰：「吾欲之南海，何如？」富者曰：「子何恃而往？」越明年，貧者自南海還，以告富者，富者有慚色。貧者曰：「吾適自南海來。」 C. 適莽蒼者，三飡而反，腹猶果然。 D. 余自齊安舟行適臨汝，而所謂石鐘者寺在也。
In option A, 「適」 means 'just / happen to' (恰好、適逢), functioning as an adverb of time/circumstance. In options B, C, and D, 「適」 functions as a transitive verb meaning 'to go to / to head towards' (往、到……去). Therefore, option A has a different meaning from the rest.
評分準則
Award 2 marks for selecting option A. Award 0 marks for incorrect options or multiple answers.
題目 4 · multiple_choice
2 分
In the classical narrative passage (Text 3), the protagonist chooses death over compromising his moral principles after fulfilling his duty to the state. What core ethical dilemma does this action primarily demonstrate according to traditional Confucian and historical ethics?
A. The unavoidable tragic clash between public loyalty (忠) and filial piety (孝) under extreme political turmoil. B. The superiority of pragmatic statecraft over rigid moral codes. C. The rejection of societal honors in pursuit of Daoist reclusion. D. The inevitable failure of military action to resolve domestic rebellion.
A.The unavoidable tragic clash between public loyalty (忠) and filial piety (孝) under extreme political turmoil.
B.The superiority of pragmatic statecraft over rigid moral codes.
C.The rejection of societal honors in pursuit of Daoist reclusion.
D.The inevitable failure of military action to resolve domestic rebellion.
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解題
The passage depicts an official torn between loyalty to his ruler (defending the realm against rebels) and filial duty to his father (held hostage by the rebels). Although he fulfills his public duty to suppress the rebel, his inability to safeguard his father leads him to commit suicide, demonstrating the irreconcilable tragic conflict between public loyalty and family piety. Thus, option A is correct.
評分準則
Award 2 marks for selecting option A. Award 0 marks for incorrect options or multiple answers.
題目 5 · multiple_choice
2 分
Which of the following statements best evaluates the narrative technique of using dialogue between the father and the son in paragraph 1 of the classical prose (Text 3)?
A. It creates dramatic suspense by showing that the father secretly opposed the king's governance. B. It establishes the son's deep filial devotion as the driving motivation prior to entering official service. C. It demonstrates that the son lacked independent political judgment and relied entirely on parental command. D. It emphasizes the king's tyrannical personality through the fear expressed by the family members.
A.It creates dramatic suspense by showing that the father secretly opposed the king's governance.
B.It establishes the son's deep filial devotion as the driving motivation prior to entering official service.
C.It demonstrates that the son lacked independent political judgment and relied entirely on parental command.
D.It emphasizes the king's tyrannical personality through the fear expressed by the family members.
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解題
In the opening dialogue, the son initially declines office to remain by his father's side to serve him, only accepting the appointment after his father explicitly urges him to seek honorable service to bring pride and peace of mind to the family. This establishes his foundational character trait of filial devotion, making the subsequent tragic conflict more poignant. Therefore, option B is correct.
評分準則
Award 2 marks for selecting option B. Award 0 marks for incorrect options or multiple answers.
題目 6 · Structured
4 分
In modern prose Passages 1 and 2, the narrators observe different aspects of ordinary street vendors. Complete the table below by summarizing (i) the narrator's initial emotional impression, (ii) the vendor's physical action/demeanor, (iii) the turning point in the narrator's observation, and (iv) the narrator's final realization. Write your answers concisely (not exceeding 15 words per sub-part).
| Stage of Observation | Passage 1 (The Old Cobbler) | Passage 2 (The Night-market Calligrapher) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | (a) Initial Impression | Frustrated by slow pace; viewed him as stubborn | (i) ________________________ | | (b) Physical Action / Demeanor | (ii) ________________________ | Steadily grinding ink despite the pouring rain | | (c) Turning Point | Noticed meticulously patched shoes gifted to an orphan | (iii) ________________________ | | (d) Final Realization | Realized craftsmanship embodies silent benevolence | (iv) ________________________ |
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解題
(i) Initial impression in Passage 2: The narrator initially perceives the street calligrapher with detachment or mild skepticism, seeing him as an obsolete relic amidst the busy, noisy night market. (ii) Physical action/demeanor in Passage 1: The old cobbler works with deliberate patience, steadily polishing worn-out leather shoes using his cracked, weathered hands regardless of the cold. (iii) Turning point in Passage 2: The narrator observes the calligrapher writing an uplifting couplet free of charge for a distressed high school student, altering the narrator's cynical perspective. (iv) Final realization in Passage 2: The narrator recognizes that true art and cultural devotion serve to console and dignify ordinary human struggle in an indifferent city.
評分準則
Award [1 mark] for each accurate sub-part: - (i) [1 mark]: Accurately identifies initial indifference, skepticism, or superficial dismissal. - (ii) [1 mark]: Accurately describes the old cobbler's focused, humble manual craftsmanship. - (iii) [1 mark]: Accurately identifies the altruistic interaction with the student as the catalyst for change. - (iv) [1 mark]: Accurately captures the philosophical insight on emotional solace, dignity, or preserving memory.
題目 7 · Structured
4 分
Based on the classical prose text (Passage 3) describing Shen Ming's moral dilemma, complete the following contrast-tracking table analyzing the clash between 'Duty as a Filial Son' (孝) and 'Duty as a Loyal Minister' (忠).
| Dimension | Duty to Father (孝子之道) | Duty to Sovereign / State (忠臣之節) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Primary Moral Obligation | (i) ________________________ | Serving the state to death and defending public order | | Shen Ming's Specific Action | Refused reward; committed suicide after father's death | (ii) ________________________ | | Underlying Value Conflict | Preserving familial life and personal gratitude | (iii) ________________________ | | Ultimate Moral Judgment | (iv) ________________________ | Upheld political integrity but at the cost of personal tragedy |
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解題
(i) Duty to Father: The primary filial obligation is caring for parents, staying by their side, and ensuring their physical survival and honor. (ii) Specific Action for Loyalty: When Bai Gong launched a rebellion and took his father hostage, Shen Ming prioritized state loyalty by beating the war drums and leading soldiers to eliminate the rebel leader. (iii) Value Conflict for Loyalty: Loyalty requires complete dedication ('eating his food and dying for his cause'), prioritizing political duty and societal justice over personal familial relationships. (iv) Moral Judgment for Filial Duty: Although Shen Ming fulfilled righteousness towards the state, he failed in the absolute outcome of protecting his father's life, leaving him with no moral alternative in his eyes except dying by his own sword.
評分準則
Award [1 mark] for each correct entry: - (i) [1 mark]: Accurately states caring for/serving parents and safeguarding family life. - (ii) [1 mark]: Accurately states executing military duty/subduing the rebellion despite the hostage situation. - (iii) [1 mark]: Accurately identifies public duty, reciprocating the ruler's salary/trust, or defending state order. - (iv) [1 mark]: Accurately explains the failure to protect the father's life and the resulting moral impossibility of living on.
題目 8 · Short Answer
3 分
Read the following extract from an unseen modern prose piece and answer the question:
"The ticking was uneven at first, like a hesitant heartbeat, but as my grandfather adjusted the counterweight and set the brass pendulum in motion, the steady, rhythmic chiming filled the dusty workshop, seamlessly linking the long-gone days of my childhood with the quiet dusk of the present."
With reference to the extract, explain how the author utilizes the image of the "brass pendulum clock" to express his reflections on the passage of time and familial affection.
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解題
1. Concrete Image & Symbolism (1 mark): The clock's transformation from hesitant ticking to steady chiming symbolizes the revival of past memories and the constant flow of life. 2. Connection to Time (1 mark): The pendulum swinging back and forth acts as a temporal conduit linking childhood to the present, showing how shared moments transcend physical time. 3. Familial Affection & Emotion (1 mark): Grandfather's patient restoration of the clock reflects enduring care and devotion, conveying the comforting, timeless bond between generations.
評分準則
Award marks based on three key elements (1 mark each, maximum 3 marks): - [1 mark] Accurately identifies the symbolic meaning of the clock/ticking (e.g., revival of memory, relentless yet rhythmic flow of time). - [1 mark] Explains how the image connects different time periods (past childhood and present adulthood). - [1 mark] Articulates the emotional reflection on familial affection/grandfather's lasting love. (Deduct 1 mark for vague or purely literal descriptions without thematic analysis.)
題目 9 · Short Answer
3 分
Read the following extract from an unseen modern prose piece and answer the question:
"The wooden ferry sat half-buried in the cracked riverbed, its peeled red paint yielding to damp moss. Yet in my mind's eye, the vibrant calls of boatmen, the ripples glinting under the midday sun, and the eager laughter of passengers crossing the river thirty years ago echoed vividly across this desolate valley."
Based on the extract, how does the author contrast the present condition of the abandoned ferry with his childhood memories, and what emotional impact does this comparison create?
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解題
1. Present Condition (1 mark): Depicts the ferry as decayed, silenced, and half-buried in silt covered in moss, emphasizing physical ruin and desolation. 2. Past Memory (1 mark): Recalls vibrant boatmen, glittering waters, and joyous passenger laughter, creating a lively and warm atmosphere. 3. Contrast & Emotional Effect (1 mark): The juxtaposition of past bustle and present stillness accentuates the fleeting nature of human prosperity and evokes deep melancholy and yearning for the unrecoverable past.
評分準則
Award marks as follows (maximum 3 marks): - [1 mark] Accurately characterizes the present state (decayed, deserted, moss-covered, quiet). - [1 mark] Accurately characterizes the past state (lively, bustling, bright, full of laughter). - [1 mark] Explicitly explains the emotional effect of the contrast (e.g., profound melancholy, poignant sense of impermanence, nostalgia for bygone eras).
題目 10 · Short Answer
3 分
Read the following extract from an unseen reflective essay and answer the question:
"Trapped between roaring highways and suffocating exhaust, the dandelions emerging from the concrete fissures appeared impossibly fragile. Yet, anchored in a pinch of blown dust, their yellow crowns stretched toward the thin sunlight, waiting for the right gust of wind to scatter their seeds across the city."
Explain how the author uses the image of the "dandelions in concrete fissures" to symbolize the resilience and pursuit of hope among ordinary people in modern society.
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解題
1. Image Context (1 mark): The harsh concrete cracks and toxic exhaust represent the oppressive, challenging living environment of modern society. 2. Symbolic Representation (1 mark): The small, fragile dandelions symbolize ordinary, vulnerable grassroots individuals who survive on meager resources. 3. Philosophical Meaning (1 mark): Their blossoming and preparing seeds to disperse symbolize unyielding vitality, optimistic perseverance, and the continuous search for life's dignity and future hope.
評分準則
Award marks as follows (maximum 3 marks): - [1 mark] Explains the environment's symbolic role (harsh urban pressures, modern challenges). - [1 mark] Identifies the symbolic link between the dandelions and ordinary/grassroots individuals. - [1 mark] Analyzes the theme of resilience, vitality, and the pursuit of hope/dignity despite adversity.
題目 11 · Short Answer
3 分
Read the following scenario based on an unseen classical text and answer the question:
"When Magistrate Song discovered that his former benefactor had committed grave embezzlement, his family urged him to conceal the crime out of gratitude. Song wept and declared: 'To repay a private debt by violating the public law of the state makes one an unfaithful official. I cannot betray the trust of the realm to preserve private affection.' He enforced the penalty strictly and later resigned his post to mourn his benefactor."
With reference to the passage, analyze how Magistrate Song resolves the dilemma between private gratitude (私恩) and public duty (公義), and explain what moral values his actions demonstrate.
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解題
1. Resolution of Dilemma (1 mark): Song refuses to cover up the crime and strictly upholds the state law, placing public justice and official duty above private sentiment. 2. Demonstration of Public Virtue (1 mark): Upholding the law illustrates uncompromising integrity, fairness, and fidelity to his public mandate (公私分明 / 恪盡職守). 3. Demonstration of Private Sentiment & Moral Integrity (1 mark): Weeping for his benefactor and resigning his post afterward shows that he is not emotionally cold; he respects private benevolence while taking moral responsibility for the tragic conflict, embodying both righteousness and personal loyalty.
評分準則
Award marks as follows (maximum 3 marks): - [1 mark] Clearly explains his choice between public law and private gratitude (upholding public justice first). - [1 mark] Explains his public virtue (e.g., impartiality, adherence to law, incorruptibility). - [1 mark] Explains the significance of his subsequent actions (weeping/resigning) in showing personal gratitude and moral conscience without compromising justice.
題目 12 · long_answer
4 分
In the classical narrative passage, the protagonist faces an acute moral dilemma between filial piety towards his father and loyalty towards the sovereign state. Some critics argue that his final choice was not a true reconciliation of virtue, but rather a tragic moral failure. With close reference to the passage, evaluate whether his actions and eventual suicide reflect genuine moral integrity or an evasion of moral responsibility. (4 marks)
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解題
Sample analysis: - Agreement (Reflects moral integrity): The protagonist took state responsibility when he accepted the appointment with his father's blessing. When rebels held his father hostage to force betrayal, giving in would sacrifice national security for private loyalty. After successfully suppressing the rebellion to fulfill loyalty, he recognized that his father perished as an indirect consequence, making it impossible to claim the title of a filial son. Dying by his own hand demonstrated that he refused to compromise on either moral absolute (loyalty and filial piety), sacrificing his own life rather than reaping unearned rewards under tainted integrity. - Alternative view / Disagreement (Reflects evasion): Filial piety demands preserving family life, while loyalty requires continued service to rebuild the state. Choosing death allowed him to escape the lifelong emotional burden and complex ethical criticism, ending his moral duties prematurely rather than bearing responsibility to serve the people and remember his father.
評分準則
Marking Criteria (4-level rubric): - Top Tier (4 marks): Clearly states a stance; demonstrates deep understanding of Confucian moral ethics and the core dilemma; provides coherent, thorough textual evidence examining both loyalty and filial obligations; arguments are cogent and well-elaborated. - Upper-Mid Tier (3 marks): Clearly states a stance; accurately cites textual actions and reasons; adequately elaborates on the relationship between ethical duty and suicide. - Lower-Mid Tier (2 marks): Stance is identifiable; provides partial or brief analysis of character actions; explanation is relatively generic or superficial. - Low Tier (1 mark): Stance is vague or missing; gives only simple narrative retelling without analyzing the ethical dilemma. - 0 marks: Irrelevant, contradictory, or unattempted.
題目 13 · long_answer
4 分
In Modern Text 1, the narrator's attitude towards the rustic girl shifts from contempt and irritation to profound moved realization. What literary contrast and internal psychological reflection does the author employ to criticize the narrator's initial cynical worldview? Explain with reference to the text. (4 marks)
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解題
1. Contrast in external circumstances and behavior: - The narrator is an educated, well-dressed passenger traveling in second class, reading mundane and decadent news while sinking into cynical boredom and contempt for the impoverished, clumsy peasant girl. - In contrast, the young girl endures cold, soot, and poverty, yet remains focused on her family, striving at all costs to open the window to throw golden oranges as a token of affection to her brothers waiting by the crossing. 2. Revelation and psychological transformation: - The vivid, radiant color of the oranges breaking through the dark tunnel symbolizes vitality, familial love, and genuine human warmth, sharply contrasting with the gloomy, grey mindset of the narrator. - This sudden realization forces the narrator to confront his own arrogance, apathy, and superficial snobbery, prompting a moment of spiritual awakening and liberation from nihilistic weariness.
評分準則
Marking Criteria (4 marks max): - Accurate analysis of the contrast between the narrator's cynicism/prejudice and the girl's pure affection (2 marks). - Accurate explanation of how this contrast evokes psychological reflection and reveals the critique of superficial aloofness/spiritual numbness (2 marks). - Award 3-4 marks for structured, well-evidenced textual analysis; 1-2 marks for brief or general summaries.
題目 14 · long_answer
4 分
Modern Text 2 cites a short poem featuring the imagery of a 'dewdrop' and 'a blade of grass'. How does the author use this poetic imagery to reflect on the relationship between individual insignificance and the broader cosmos? Explain with reference to the passage. (4 marks)
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解題
1. Meaning of the poetic imagery: - The 'dewdrop' represents the ephemeral, tiny nature of individual human life, while the 'blade of grass' represents ordinary living beings. - Despite being minute, the dewdrop satisfies itself, nourishes the grass, and reflects the entire universe (the boundless cycle of existence). 2. Philosophical reflection on human life: - Modern people often become trapped in self-pity, arrogance, or loneliness due to rushed routines and societal pressures. - By recognizing that individual life is tiny yet capable of selfless reflection and empathy (just like a dewdrop reflecting the world or a fleeting glimpse into another person's struggles), one learns to let go of self-centered pride and alienation, discovering profound purpose and beauty in ordinary moments.
評分準則
Marking Criteria (4-level rubric): - Top Tier (4 marks): Deep and accurate interpretation of the imagery (dewdrop/grass/cosmos); clearly explains the philosophical insight on overcoming isolation/pride and finding universal resonance; fluent exposition. - Upper-Mid Tier (3 marks): Clear interpretation of imagery and philosophical meaning; logical elaboration with appropriate textual reference. - Lower-Mid Tier (2 marks): Basic interpretation of imagery; general or incomplete explanation of the author's philosophical reflection. - Low Tier (1 mark): Vague or superficial mention of the poem without connecting to the philosophical themes. - 0 marks: Irrelevant, inaccurate, or blank.
題目 15 · long_answer
4 分
In the classical text, the rebel general attempts to persuade the protagonist by offering to share the state and threatening his father's execution. Analyze the protagonist's response and assess his view on official integrity and loyalty ('食君之食，死君之事'). (4 marks)
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解題
1. Explanation of the protagonist's principles: - The protagonist declares that while he was initially a filial son at home, taking up an official post transformed his primary identity and duty into that of a loyal minister ('始吾父之孝子也，今吾君之忠臣也'). - He firmly upholds the principle that one who receives stipends from the monarch must dedicate his capabilities and sacrifice his life in times of national crisis ('食其食者死其事，受其祿者畢其能'). 2. Assessment of his response to the threat: - Confronted with the rebel's dual temptation (territorial power) and intimidation (his father's execution), he weeps but remains resolute in executing his military duty. - His conduct reflects a steadfast belief that public righteousness and constitutional duty to the sovereign supersede private interest and personal safety, demonstrating uncompromising administrative integrity.
評分準則
Marking Criteria (4 marks): - Clear explanation of the protagonist's ethical argument and transition from private son to public minister (2 marks). - In-depth assessment of his uncompromising stand against coercion and defense of official integrity (2 marks). - 3-4 marks for clear structure and accurate textual integration; 1-2 marks for generic summary.
題目 16 · long_answer
4 分
Both Modern Text 1 and Modern Text 2 describe a train journey observing strangers from a distance. Compare how the two authors use this shared scenario to contemplate the value of 'fleeting encounters' in everyday human life. (4 marks)
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解題
1. Modern Text 1: - In Text 1, the narrator views the fleeting interaction on the train as an accidental disruption to his gloom. - The sudden moment when the girl throws oranges to her brothers provides an instant shock that shatters the narrator's nihilistic detachment, proving that even brief encounters can bring genuine emotional warmth and redeem an otherwise tedious reality. 2. Modern Text 2: - In Text 2, the author reflects on the fleeting glimpses of passing towns and passengers as metaphors for the ephemeral nature of life. - The author suggests that if we consciously cultivate empathy to perceive the hardships, complex feelings, and silent dignity of strangers ('he-the-other's life'), these transient encounters can liberate us from loneliness and connect us to universal human empathy. 3. Synthesis: Both transform a momentary visual encounter into an epiphany on breaking emotional isolation, moving from passive observation (Text 1) to conscious universal compassion (Text 2).
評分準則
Marking Criteria (4 marks): - Accurate analysis of Text 1's use of the train encounter to shatter cynicism and awaken warmth (2 marks). - Accurate analysis of Text 2's philosophical expansion into universal empathy and overcoming isolation (2 marks). - Maximum 2 marks if only one text is analyzed.
題目 17 · long_answer
4 分
Some philosophical commentators assert that the protagonist in the classical text was trapped by rigid social norms of 'loyalty and filial piety', while others view his ultimate decision as the highest manifestation of moral agency. State your view on this assessment and justify it with evidence from the text. (4 marks)
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解題
Sample perspectives: - View A (Constrained by rigid dogma): The protagonist treats 'loyalty' and 'filial piety' as mutually exclusive absolutes ('名不可兩立，行不可兩全'). When trapped in an extreme political crisis created by external rebels, instead of seeking pragmatic or nuanced solutions, he adheres blindly to rigid doctrines of sacrificial duty. His suicide reflects the oppressive nature of ancient moral frameworks that left no room for individual survival when ethical roles conflicted. - View B (Manifestation of moral agency): The protagonist is fully conscious of the gravity and tragedy of his choice. He does not evade responsibility: he first fulfills his social contract as a commander to protect the state against violent usurpers, and then willingly accepts responsibility for the tragic cost to his family by ending his own life rather than claiming honors and riches. This deliberate choice demonstrates autonomous moral integrity and self-imposed accountability.
評分準則
Marking Criteria (4-level rubric): - Top Tier (4 marks): Stance is explicit and well-reasoned; provides profound critical evaluation of moral dogma versus autonomous moral agency; thorough integration of textual evidence. - Upper-Mid Tier (3 marks): Stance is clear; sound analysis of the protagonist's moral choices and motives based on textual evidence. - Lower-Mid Tier (2 marks): Stance is present but arguments are simplistic or one-sided; limited textual reference. - Low Tier (1 mark): Superficial comments without clear engagement with the philosophical prompt. - 0 marks: Off-topic or blank.
Paper 3 Part A (聆聽理解)
細心聆聽老師與同學的對話，並回答第1至15題關於網上遊戲與現實的討論。
15 題目 · 17 分
題目 1 · table_matching
3 分
According to the listening recording regarding virtual community simulators, identify which activity each of the three speakers has participated in within the virtual platform.
| | Design Avatar Apparel | Host an Art Exhibition | Trade Virtual Plots | Organize a Reading Club | Establish a Charity Fund | |---|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| | (i) Mr. Wong (黃老師) | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | | (ii) Chris (志偉) | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | | (iii) Michelle (曉嵐) | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] |
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解題
From the listening transcript: - (i) Mr. Wong mentions that he curated a cultural showcase and hosted an art exhibition inside the simulator to display digital student artwork. - (ii) Chris explains that his primary economic interaction within the sandbox environment was speculating and trading virtual plots of estate. - (iii) Michelle shares that she focused on creative tailoring and designed customized avatar apparel for participants.
評分準則
1 mark for each correct row correctly matched: - (i) Mr. Wong: Host an Art Exhibition (1 mark) - (ii) Chris: Trade Virtual Plots (1 mark) - (iii) Michelle: Design Avatar Apparel (1 mark)
Note: Selecting more than one option per row yields 0 marks for that sub-item.
題目 2 · 選擇題
1 分
In the listening passage, when Lok-sum mentions the concept of "making friends with the ancients (尚友古人)", what is her primary intended purpose?
A.To illustrate that virtual game settings possess historical authenticity.
B.To show that meaningful friendships can develop among online gamers.
C.To prove that virtual worlds serve as an ideal platform for learning classical literature.
D.To argue that ancient philosophers favored virtual detachment from society.
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解題
In the conversation, Lok-sum cites the traditional concept of 'communing with ancient figures through their writings' to argue that genuine emotional resonance and authentic interpersonal connections can occur even through indirect, non-physical media such as virtual spaces and digital platforms. Thus, option B correctly captures her purpose of demonstrating that online gaming partners can indeed become meaningful, real-life friends.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct option B. 0 marks for incorrect options or multiple answers selected.
題目 3 · 選擇題
1 分
During the discussion on online avatars and virtual identities, under which of the following circumstances does Tin-wing find it acceptable to still form genuine friendships with fellow players?
A.When a player completely falsifies their age and appearance.
B.When a player uses a fabricated gender identity.
C.When a player invents an entirely fictional life experience.
D.When a player merely uses a virtual screen name or pseudonym.
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解題
Tin-wing emphasizes honesty in human relationships. While she strongly objects to deceptive alterations of gender, personal background, or life experiences, she considers using a pseudonym or virtual gamertag acceptable and harmless, so genuine friendship remains possible under that condition.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct option D. 0 marks for incorrect options or multiple choices.
題目 4 · 選擇題
1 分
According to Tin-wing, what main point is Teacher Cheung attempting to convey by recounting the philosophical tale of "The Golden Millet Dream (黃粱一夢)"?
A.Investing extensive time in online games yields worthwhile cognitive benefits.
B.Seeking material wealth and reputation is the ultimate pursuit in human existence.
C.Over-immersion in virtual reality may distort one's real-life values and attitude.
D.Playing virtual simulation games is essentially identical to routine daily chores.
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解題
Tin-wing interprets the story of 'The Golden Millet Dream' as an analogy for excessive immersion in illusory gratification, pointing out that unchecked involvement in virtual fantasy can subtly alter and negatively impact one's actual attitude towards daily life and reality.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct option C. 0 marks for incorrect choices.
題目 5 · 選擇題
1 分
When Tin-wing remarks on Lok-sum's statement that "dreams are not real, yet the feelings within them are utterly genuine", what flaw in Lok-sum's reasoning is Tin-wing highlighting?
A.Excessive superficiality and exaggeration.
B.Total lack of supporting evidence.
C.Deliberate use of double entendres.
D.Internal self-contradiction in her claims.
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解題
Tin-wing points out that Lok-sum acknowledges the virtual environment as an illusion while simultaneously relying on the authenticity of those simulated feelings to validate the reality of the game, which constitutes a self-contradictory argument (前後矛盾).
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct option D. 0 marks for incorrect answers.
題目 6 · 選擇題
1 分
When Tin-wing states that in managing her reading schedule she is "refusing to do so, not incapable of doing so (不為也，非不能也)", what does "refusing to do so" specifically refer to?
A.Disregarding her parents' expectations.
B.Refusing to take meals on time.
C.Being unwilling to stop her reading.
D.Refusing to go to bed at night.
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解題
Tin-wing explains that when engrossed in reading, she chooses not to halt her reading because of her strong personal interest, rather than being powerless to control her own behavior.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct option C. 0 marks for incorrect options.
題目 7 · 選擇題
1 分
Teacher Cheung states that she would not characterize Tin-wing's extensive reading habit as an "unhealthy addiction". What is her reason for this distinction?
A.Reading holds greater educational and developmental value.
B.Reading consumes considerably less financial cost.
C.Reading provides a wider variety of interactive stimuli.
D.Reading carries virtually no risk of psychological obsession.
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解題
Teacher Cheung explains that reading literature enriches one's knowledge, fosters critical thinking, and delivers lasting moral and intellectual growth, making it an intrinsically meaningful and purposeful activity compared to mindless escapism.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct option A. 0 marks for incorrect choices.
題目 8 · 選擇題
1 分
What tone of voice does Tin-wing use when telling Lok-sum, "Lok-sum, your virtual house has collapsed!"?
A.Admiration and praise.
B.Stern reprimand and reproach.
C.Playful teasing and banter.
D.Sympathy and pity.
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解題
Tin-wing utters this statement in a playful, teasing tone (戲謔) to gently banter with Lok-sum about the sudden loss of her virtual building in the game, rather than intending harsh criticism or praise.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct option C. 0 marks for incorrect options.
題目 9 · 選擇題
1 分
Teacher Cheung uses the analogy of "how humankind harnesses fire" to explain her stance on online gaming. What core idea does she wish to express?
A.Online gaming inevitably causes more harm than benefits.
B.Different individuals derive vastly unequal outcomes from the same medium.
C.Virtual entertainment has no hierarchical distinction compared to traditional hobbies.
D.The ability to master and utilize the tool wisely is the key.
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解題
Teacher Cheung explains that just like fire, which provides warmth and illumination when controlled but causes destruction when misused, online games are neither purely beneficial nor harmful in themselves; the crucial factor lies in whether the user can exercise self-discipline and harness them properly.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct option D. 0 marks for incorrect options.
題目 10 · 選擇題
1 分
In response to Lok Sum's observation about virtual communities, what core analogy does Teacher Cheung employ to elucidate the distinction between authentic emotional bonds and fleeting cyber interactions?
A.Comparing online interactions to wearing masks at a masquerade ball
B.Comparing virtual items to transient mirages in a desert
C.Comparing online collaboration to temporary team players in a board game
D.Comparing digital relationships to reflections in a moving stream
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解題
Teacher Cheung compares virtual personas and interactions to participants wearing masks at a masquerade ball, emphasizing that while people can engage enthusiastically in the moment, true authentic connection requires revealing one's genuine identity and enduring real-world trials.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for option A. 0 marks for incorrect options or multiple answers.
題目 11 · 選擇題
1 分
When discussing the creation of virtual avatars, Tin Wing argues that an avatar's identity divergence from real life primarily reflects:
A.A healthy psychological escape from mundane daily burdens
B.The inherent deceitfulness and distrust fostered by online environments
C.The unconstrained creative expression of an idealized aesthetic self
D.A complete abandonment of moral accountability in society
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解題
Tin Wing points out that when players adopt entirely fabricated genders, ages, or personalities online, it fosters an underlying atmosphere of deceit and mutual distrust, preventing the establishment of genuine mutual understanding.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for option B. 0 marks for other choices.
題目 12 · 選擇題
1 分
Which of the following best captures Teacher Cheung's stance regarding the principle 'one should master the instrument rather than be mastered by it' when applied to digital entertainment?
A.All virtual accomplishments are inherently devoid of genuine meaning.
B.Complete abstention from online gaming is the only way to avoid addiction.
C.Games should serve as conscious enrichment without overtaking one's autonomy and daily priorities.
D.Virtual worlds must be strictly regulated by external authorities to ensure productive use.
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解題
Teacher Cheung explains that technology and online games are neutral tools; their ultimate value depends on whether the user maintains self-discipline and self-awareness, allowing recreation to enrich life rather than allowing the medium to dictate and constrain one's daily existence.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for option C. 0 marks for incorrect options.
題目 13 · 選擇題
1 分
What tone does Tin Wing adopt when responding to Lok Sum's assertion that 'the emotional fulfillment derived from building a virtual castle is indistinguishable from real-world achievements'?
A.Bitter and indignant
B.Sympathetic and accommodating
C.Skeptical and questioning
D.Indifferent and detached
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解題
Tin Wing responds with a skeptical and probing tone, directly questioning whether satisfaction built upon server data that can be deleted overnight can truly equal the resilience and substance of real-world endeavors.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for option C. 0 marks for any other option.
題目 14 · True or False Judgment
1 分
Based on the conversation between the teacher and the students regarding the analogy between food consumption and digital gaming, determine whether the following statement is Correct, Incorrect, or Not Mentioned:
'Tin-wing believes that playing online games requires moderation and one should know when to stop.'
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解題
In the discussion, Tin-wing uses the dietary analogy to explain that just as food should be consumed reasonably without overeating, online gaming must be engaged in with self-restraint and appropriate limits. Hence, the statement is Correct.
Based on the conversation between the teacher and the students regarding online gaming and self-control, determine whether the following statement is Correct, Incorrect, or Not Mentioned:
'Teacher Cheung asserts that everyone who plays online games will inevitably become addicted.'
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解題
Teacher Cheung emphasizes that digital games possess both positive and negative aspects, and the outcome depends primarily on how an individual exercises judgment and self-regulation, rather than asserting that every player will inevitably fall into addiction. Therefore, the statement is Incorrect.
You are He Tianying, a student representative from Xingtan College, taking part in the 'Walking towards a Better Life' Speech Competition organized by the Hongcheng Youth Committee.
Based on the listening materials and reading texts, write a formal speech script for the competition. Your speech must include: 1. An introduction presenting the background and theme of the speech; 2. A detailed discussion of two life orientations (chosen appropriately from the given profiles) together with relevant examples to explain their respective benefits; 3. A recommendation and rigorous justification of ONE summer experiential activity based on two distinct angles of argument; 4. An appropriate conclusion that encourages youth participation and expresses gratitude.
Requirements: - Form: Speech script with a self-devised title (not exceeding 15 characters). - Word count: Not less than 500 words (including punctuation marks). - Tone and register: Sincere, persuasive, formal, written in the first person.
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解題
### Full Structure and Model Outline
#### 1. Title and Salutation (Contextual Awareness: 10 marks) - Title: Creating Meaningful Paths: Walking Towards a Diverse and Fulfilling Life (Concise, relevant, under 15 characters/words). - Salutation: Addressing the distinguished adjudicators (Professor Hu Rongwen, Chairwoman Luo Ying), teachers, and fellow youths.
#### 2. Introduction & Background - Acknowledge the organizer (Hongcheng Youth Committee) and the purpose of the 'Walking towards a Better Life' speech competition. - Introduce the central theme: encouraging contemporary youth to look beyond narrow definitions of success and pursue diversified life orientations.
#### 3. Part 1: Integration & Extension of Life Orientations (16 marks) - Orientation A: Freelance Work (Case: Chen Yixin) - Characteristics: Trying diverse industries, showcasing personal style, flexible time management. - Elaboration & Benefits: Allows youths to discover passions, balance life and work autonomy, and build resilient multi-disciplinary career portfolios. - Orientation B: Enriching One's Horizons (Case: Zhang Canfeng) - Characteristics: Experiencing non-traditional travel, volunteering in overseas charity work, building cross-cultural friendships. - Elaboration & Benefits: Broadens worldview, cultivates empathy for underprivileged communities, and reflects deeply on life's true value.
#### 4. Part 2: Argument and Justification of Chosen Summer Activity (14 marks) (Example selection: Organizing a Community Creative Fair) - Perspective 1: Personal Competency & Growth - Fosters leadership, crisis management, booth planning, and marketing communication skills through practical real-world operations. - Perspective 2: Community Development & Intergenerational Cohesion - Revitalizes local community economy, breaks age barriers among residents, and fosters social belonging and shared civic identity.
#### 5. Conclusion & Speech Closing - Concluding appeal: Urging peers to seize summer opportunities, reflect on life goals, and take practical action. - Polite closing and expression of thanks to judges and audience.
評分準則
Total: 50 Marks
### 1. Contextual Awareness (語境意識) — 10 Marks - Speech Format (3 marks): Proper title matching speech topic (max 15 characters), proper formal salutation to judges and audience, appropriate sign-off. - Contextual Adaptation (4 marks): Mentions background (Youth Committee competition), clearly states theme, appeals to youth audience, formal expression of thanks. - Tone & Register (3 marks): First-person narrative, sincere, engaging, respectful, and appropriately impassioned.
### 2. Integration and Extension (整合拓展) — 16 Marks (8 marks per orientation) - Freelance Work (8 marks): - Integrates 3 key traits using Chen Yixin's case (4 marks). - Elaborates on how it enables personal autonomy, self-expression, and work-life balance (4 marks). - Enriching One's Horizons (8 marks): - Integrates 3 key traits using Zhang Canfeng's case (4 marks). - Elaborates on how alternative travel, humanitarian service, and global friendships foster maturity and selflessness (4 marks).
### 3. Argument and Justification (見解論證) — 14 Marks (7 marks per argument angle) - Angle 1 (7 marks): Justifies activity suitability in terms of Personal Growth / Competency Building with concrete analysis linked to activity features. - Angle 2 (7 marks): Justifies activity suitability in terms of Community Well-being / Social Impact with robust, persuasive reasoning.
### 4. Expression and Organization (表達組織) — 10 Marks - Expression (6 marks): Accurate vocabulary, smooth transitions, fluent sentence structure, correct grammar, no excessive typos. - Organization (4 marks): Clear paragraphing, logical progression from introduction to body and conclusion.
