An original Thinka practice paper modelled on the structure and difficulty of the 2025 HKDSE 中國語文 paper. Not affiliated with or reproduced from HKDSE.
試卷一 甲部 指定閱讀 (卷一 甲部 Prescribed)
依據指定文言經典篇章回答所有問題。
11 題目 · 24 分
題目 1 · short-answer
1 分
Explain the meaning of the bolded character in the following sentence from the prescribed text:
「克己復禮為仁。」《論仁、論孝、論君子》
復：
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解題
In the sentence 「克己復禮為仁」, 「復」 means to return to or restore (回復／回歸), referring to restraining one's desires so that speech and action return to the propriety of ritual (禮).
評分準則
Award 1 mark for correctly explaining the meaning in context: - Accept: 回復 / 回歸 / 踐行 / 實踐 / 歸於 - Reject: 重複 / 報復 / 再
題目 2 · short-answer
1 分
Explain the meaning of the bolded character in the following sentence from the prescribed text:
「故木受繩則直，金就礪則利。」《勸學》
直：
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解題
In 「木受繩則直」, 「直」 means straight or straightened (筆直／直／變直), referring to timber becoming straight after being measured and marked with an ink-line.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for correctly explaining the meaning in context: - Accept: 筆直 / 正直 / 變直 / 矯直 / 直 - Reject: 坦率 / 直接
題目 3 · short-answer
1 分
Explain the meaning of the bolded character in the following sentence from the prescribed text:
「六藝經傳皆通習之，不拘於時。」《師說》
習：
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解題
In 「六藝經傳皆通習之」, 「習」 means to study, practise, or master (學習／研習／熟習).
評分準則
Award 1 mark for correctly explaining the meaning in context: - Accept: 學習 / 研習 / 熟習 / 溫習 / 練習 - Reject: 習慣 / 風氣
題目 4 · short-answer
1 分
Explain the meaning of the bolded character in the following sentence from the prescribed text:
「微斯人，吾誰與歸？」《岳陽樓記》
斯：
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解題
In 「微斯人，吾誰與歸」, 「斯」 is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'such' (這／此／這種).
評分準則
Award 1 mark for correctly explaining the meaning in context: - Accept: 這 / 這種 / 這樣 / 此 - Reject: 斯文 / 乃 / 則
In "On Benevolence, On Filial Piety, and On the Gentleman" (《論仁、論孝、論君子》), Confucius discusses interpersonal conduct: "The gentleman seeks harmony without conformity; the small man seeks conformity without harmony" (君子和而不同，小人同而不和). With reference to the text, explain the fundamental difference in how a gentleman and a small man treat interpersonal relationships, and analyze how a gentleman achieves "harmony" while adhering to his moral principles.
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解題
1. Explanation of differences between a gentleman and a small man: A gentleman values unity in diversity ("harmony"), meaning he associates with others based on righteousness, respects diverse viewpoints, and cooperates without sacrificing personal integrity. In contrast, a small man seeks blind conformity ("sameness"), currying favor and forming cliques for narrow personal gain while lacking true goodwill and mutual respect.
2. Analysis of how a gentleman achieves harmony while maintaining principles: A gentleman anchors his interpersonal relationships in benevolence (仁) and moral righteousness (義). He maintains open-mindedness and amiability toward others, engaging in constructive communication rather than aggressive confrontation. However, when core ethical principles are at stake, he stands firm in his values rather than compromising simply to please others or follow the crowd, thereby harmonizing with others without losing his independent moral compass.
評分準則
- Explanation of 'harmony without conformity' (和而不同) vs. 'conformity without harmony' (同而不和) (1.5 marks): Clearly explains that a gentleman seeks principled accord and respects differences, while a small man seeks superficial agreement for selfish ends. - Analysis of maintaining principles (2.0 marks): Explains how a gentleman uses moral righteousness (義) as an anchor, acting with tolerance and benevolence toward others while maintaining independent moral judgment and refusal to follow evil/corrupt trends. - Deduct up to 0.5 marks for minor expression flaws; award partial marks based on the depth of textual analysis.
題目 9 · Textual Analysis
3.5 分
In Wang Wei's "Autumn Twilight in the Mountain Dwelling" (《山居秋暝》), the poet writes: "Bamboo noise announces washerwomen returning; lotus moves as fishing boats descend" (竹喧歸浣女，蓮動下漁舟). Analyze how the poet uses the technique of "contrasting sound and motion to highlight tranquility" (以動襯靜) in this couplet, and explain the ideals of life conveyed through this portrayal.
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解題
1. Analysis of artistic technique (以動襯靜): The poet first depicts auditory and dynamic elements—the laughter/chatter of washerwomen returning through the bamboo grove and the rustling of lotus pads as fishing boats row downstream. These lively sounds and movements contrast sharply with the quietness of the autumn mountain at dusk, functioning to accentuate the profound stillness, purity, and seclusion of the overall environment rather than disturbing it.
2. Ideals of life reflected: The portrayal of simple, joyful washerwomen and fishermen reflects an uncorrupted, harmonious rustic community living in unison with nature. Through this imagery, Wang Wei expresses his profound yearning for an untroubled hermitic life, detachment from the corrupt officialdom/mundane world, and a commitment to preserving moral purity and peace of mind in nature.
評分準則
- Analysis of the contrasting technique (2.0 marks): Accurately identifies the dynamic/auditory elements (chatter among bamboo, movement among lotus) and elaborates on how they heighten the tranquility of the mountain environment. - Explanation of life ideals (1.5 marks): Explains the harmonious, innocent rustic life and how it embodies the poet's aspiration for seclusion, purity, and departure from officialdom. - Full marks require both clear technical explanation and accurate thematic interpretation.
題目 10 · Short Answer
3.5 分
In "On the Six States" (《六國論》), Su Xun employs the metaphor of "carrying firewood to extinguish a fire" (抱薪救火) to illustrate the error of ceding territory to appease Qin. Explain the meaning and aptness of this metaphor in the context of the essay, and state the ultimate political lesson Su Xun intended to deliver to the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty.
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解題
1. Explanation and aptness of the metaphor (抱薪救火): - Su Xun draws a direct parallel: the territory of the Six States is limited, while the voracious greed of Qin is boundless. - Giving away land to appease Qin is just like trying to put out a blaze by throwing firewood onto it: the fire will never be extinguished as long as firewood remains. In reality, ceding land only strengthens the invader's power and accelerates one's own demise.
2. Political lesson for the Northern Song rulers: - Su Xun is using historical critique to comment on contemporary affairs (借古諷今). - He warns the Northern Song emperors against the cowardly policy of appeasement (such as paying annual tributes of silver and silk to the Liao and Western Xia). Instead, the Northern Song should learn from the downfall of the Six States, cherish national resources, treat virtuous talents with respect, and unite against foreign aggression.
評分準則
- Metaphor analysis (2.0 marks): Clearly articulates the correspondence (land = firewood, Qin's greed = fire) and why the action inevitably leads to destruction due to the asymmetry between limited land and unlimited greed. - Contemporary political intent / message to Song rulers (1.5 marks): Identifies the purpose of criticising contemporary appeasement policy (歲幣) towards northern border enemies and urging resolve/resistance. - Deduct 0.5 marks if historical analogy is presented without contemporary application.
題目 11 · Short Answer
3.5 分
In "Fish and Bear's Paw" (《魚我所欲也》), Mencius uses an opening analogy followed by concrete examples to establish his thesis on moral choice. Explain the reasoning behind the opening analogy of "fish" and "bear's paw", and explain how Mencius uses the example of "bamboo basket of rice and bowl of soup" (一簞食，一豆羹) to prove that the sense of righteousness is innate in all human beings.
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解題
1. Reasoning of the opening analogy (fish and bear's paw): - Mencius sets up a hierarchy of values using two desirable foods: fish is delicious and sought after, but bear's paw is even rarer and more precious. - By analogy, physical life is desirable, but righteousness (義) represents higher moral value. When a moral dilemma forces a mutual exclusion, a person of integrity must sacrifice life to preserve righteousness (捨生而取義).
2. Evidence from the example of "a basket of food and a bowl of soup": - Even when facing starvation and death, a destitute beggar or traveler will refuse life-saving food if it is presented with contempt and abusive shouts (「呼爾而與之」/「蹴爾而與之」). - This proves that even ordinary, underprivileged people value human dignity and righteousness above physical survival, confirming Mencius's belief that the "original mind" (本心) of shame and righteousness is an innate quality shared by all people, not a unique virtue possessed only by sages and worthies.
評分準則
- Analogy analysis (1.5 marks): Explains the comparison between fish (life) and bear's paw (righteousness) and the imperative of choosing righteousness when they conflict. - Textual proof of innate goodness via the starving beggar example (2.0 marks): Explains the scenario of refusing food given with insult, showing that dignity/righteousness precedes physical survival and demonstrates universal innate moral conscience (本心). - Deduct 0.5 marks if the key concept of 'original heart' (本心) / innate moral dignity is omitted.
Read the following sentence from an unseen reading passage:
「古老的石橋橫跨於煙雨之中，默然凝視著無數行色匆匆的過客，任憑歲月淘洗，始終不驚不擾。」 ('The ancient stone bridge spans across the misty river, quietly gazing upon countless hurried passers-by; though washed by the passage of time, it remains calm and undisturbed.')
Which of the following rhetorical devices is primarily employed in this sentence, and what central theme does it convey?
A.Metaphor (比喻): To emphasize the engineering durability and architectural craftsmanship of the ancient stone bridge.
B.Personification (比擬): To contrast the eternal tranquility and endurance of the bridge with the fleeting nature of human life.
C.Exaggeration (誇張): To satirize the superficiality and restless ambition of travelers across different historical eras.
D.Metonymy (借代): To represent the inevitable political transitions and socio-economic struggles of the past dynasties.
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解題
The sentence endows the inanimate stone bridge with human characteristics ('默然凝視' / quietly gazing, '不驚不擾' / calm and undisturbed), which is the use of personification (比擬/擬人). Through this depiction, the author highlights the steadfastness and eternity of the ancient bridge against the fleeting, hurried nature of human existence, thereby bringing out the passage's reflection on the transience of human life versus the timelessness of nature/history.
評分準則
Award 2 marks for selecting the correct option (B). Award 0 marks for incorrect options or multiple answers.
題目 10 · Short Answer
3.5 分
Read the following modern prose excerpt and classical commentary extract, then answer the question below:
[Text 1 (Modern Prose)] 'The ancient stone bridges across the southern water towns bear the weight of centuries without speaking a word. Modern visitors rush past taking photographs of the ornate parapets, yet few notice how the foundation stones beneath the water level quietly endure the constant erosion of river currents to keep the path above intact.'
[Text 2 (Classical Commentary)] 'A noble ruler values foundational governance over ostentatious rituals. When the roots are fortified in silence, the empire flourishes naturally; when only the canopy is adorned, a single gale brings total collapse.'
Compare the views of Text 1 and Text 2 on the concept of 'unseen foundation' (隱而不顯的根基). Explain one shared insight and one difference in their contextual focus.
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解題
1. Shared Insight (1.5 marks): Both authors emphasize that true resilience and long-term sustainability depend on what is submerged, quiet, and unadorned (the foundation stones / rooted governance) rather than what is visible or flashy on the surface (photographed parapets / ostentatious rituals). 2. Difference in Contextual Focus (2 marks): Text 1 applies this insight to the physical architecture of everyday cultural heritage and reflects on modern superficiality versus historical quiet endurance. In contrast, Text 2 applies this metaphor strictly to the realm of political philosophy, contrasting solid ethical/structural governance with brittle, superficial regime display.
評分準則
- Shared insight (1.5 marks): Clearly identifies that foundational, unadorned strength sustains outer function/structure. - Difference in focus (2 marks): 1 mark for analyzing Text 1's focus on heritage/life observation; 1 mark for analyzing Text 2's focus on political rule/statecraft.
題目 11 · Short Answer
3.5 分
Read the two excerpts below regarding the pursuit of seclusion and reclusion:
[Passage A] 'The hermit does not need deep mountains or thick forests to find stillness. If one's mind is untethered by worldly calculations of profit and fame, even a busy marketplace is no different from a quiet bamboo grove.'
[Passage B] 'Master Lu built his thatched cottage at the very summit of Mount Cloud-Mist, severing the bridge behind him. He argued that only by completely cutting off contact with human society can the mind remain unpolluted by desire and ambition.'
Contrast the attitudes towards 'achieving inner tranquility' (追求內心清靜) presented in Passage A and Passage B. Which attitude reflects a psychological transcendence, and which reflects physical isolation? Explain clearly.
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解題
1. Identification & Analysis of Passage A (1.5 marks): Passage A advocates psychological transcendence ('great reclusion' in the mind). It posits that tranquility is entirely an internal state; true detachment allows one to remain peaceful even amidst noisy urban marketplaces without needing geographic isolation. 2. Identification & Analysis of Passage B (1.5 marks): Passage B advocates physical isolation ('small reclusion'). It assumes that human desires are triggered by social contact, so severance of physical bridges and total seclusion in remote mountains are mandatory preconditions for mental purity. 3. Comparison / Contrast synthesis (0.5 marks): Highlights the fundamental divergence between internal mental fortitude versus external environmental dependency.
評分準則
- Accurate analysis of Passage A's psychological/internal approach (1.5 marks). - Accurate analysis of Passage B's physical/environmental reliance (1.5 marks). - Clear comparative summary (0.5 marks).
題目 12 · Short Answer
3.5 分
Consider the following two reflections on 'adversity and setbacks' (逆境與挫折):
[Author X] 'A tree that grows on a wind-swept cliff grows twisted and gnarled, yet its timber is the densest and its roots plunge deepest into the bedrock. Without the violent gales, it would remain slender and easily uprooted.'
[Author Y] 'Prolonged frost does not enrich the blossom; it only withers the petals before their prime. While fortitude in hardship is admirable, we must never glorify the harsh frost itself, for endless suffering dampens vital spirit rather than cultivating it.'
Explain how Author X and Author Y differ in their appraisal of the intrinsic value of adversity.
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解題
1. Author X's perspective (1.5 marks): Uses the metaphor of the cliffside tree to argue that severe challenges are fundamentally constructive and essential; hardship directly builds density of character and deep resilience that ease cannot provide. 2. Author Y's perspective (1.5 marks): Uses the metaphor of frost and blossom to argue that adversity is intrinsically harmful and damaging; while enduring hardship demonstrates human fortitude, adversity itself brings destruction and depletion of life vitality, and should not be glorified. 3. Contrast summary (0.5 marks): Highlights the contrast between adversity as an essential forging tool versus adversity as an inherent detriment.
評分準則
- Author X's constructive view explained with textual support (1.5 marks). - Author Y's critical/skeptical view of suffering explained with textual support (1.5 marks). - Clear contrast point established (0.5 marks).
題目 13 · Short Answer
3.5 分
Read the following two excerpts concerning the preservation of cultural artifacts:
[Source 1] 'An ancient porcelain cup sealed in a museum glass case loses its original breath. Its cracks and tea stains were born from decades of daily use and human warmth; when isolated as a sacred relic, it becomes a lifeless specimen.'
[Source 2] 'To allow an antiquity of eight hundred years to remain in circulation for daily tea-drinking is reckless negligence. Without rigorous scientific conservation and climate-controlled display, time and friction will inevitably destroy the irreplaceable heritage forever.'
Compare the core values of Source 1 and Source 2 regarding the true 'life' and purpose of historical artifacts.
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解題
1. Source 1's value orientation (1.5 marks): Source 1 defines the artifact's 'life' through its active connection to human daily life, warmth, and experiential context. Enclosing it in glass strips away its cultural vitality and practical meaning, turning it into a cold specimen. 2. Source 2's value orientation (1.5 marks): Source 2 defines value through the physical preservation of cultural heritage across generations. It views protection from deterioration as the paramount duty, requiring institutional preservation and protection from damage. 3. Synthesis / Direct comparison (0.5 marks): Contrasts 'experiential/humanist utility' with 'preservationist/historical continuity'.
評分準則
- Clear explanation of Source 1's humanist/living connection stance (1.5 marks). - Clear explanation of Source 2's conservationist/preservation stance (1.5 marks). - Accurate comparative synthesis of the conflict in values (0.5 marks).
題目 14 · Short Answer
3.5 分
Read the two classical anecdotes below:
[Anecdote 1] 'Duke Wen of Jin was starving during his exile. Jie Zitui cut flesh from his own thigh to feed his lord soup. Later, when the Duke rewarded all his followers, Jie Zitui hid in the mountains, refusing to seek titles or gold, claiming that aiding his lord was merely a subject's duty, not a debt to be repaid.'
[Anecdote 2] 'When Zi Lu rescued a drowning man, the man gave him an ox as reward, and Zi Lu accepted it happily. Confucius praised him, saying: "From now on, the people of Lu will eagerly rescue those who fall into deep waters."'
Compare the moral principles illustrated by Jie Zitui and Zi Lu regarding 'receiving rewards for noble deeds' (行善受賞). What different social impacts did Confucius foresee in Zi Lu's conduct compared to Jie Zitui's self-effacing sacrifice?
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解題
1. Analysis of Jie Zitui's conduct (1.5 marks): Jie Zitui embodies absolute moral purity and extreme personal integrity. He views righteous action as an unconditional ethical obligation; accepting compensation degrades virtue into a transaction. 2. Analysis of Zi Lu's conduct & Confucius's commentary (1.5 marks): Zi Lu accepts a tangible reward for saving a life. Confucius praises this because open rewards lower the barrier to altruism and incentivize ordinary citizens to perform life-saving deeds, turning personal virtue into widespread social practice. 3. Comparison of social effects (0.5 marks): Jie Zitui's model creates an unattainable moral threshold that few can follow, while Zi Lu's model creates a positive feedback loop for societal welfare.
評分準則
- Accurate analysis of Jie Zitui's purist/duty-based ethics (1.5 marks). - Accurate analysis of Zi Lu's conduct and Confucius's pragmatic social vision (1.5 marks). - Insightful comparison of their broader social consequences (0.5 marks).
題目 15 · Short Answer
3.5 分
Read the two short reflections on 'reading and memory' (閱讀與記憶):
[Excerpt A] 'I read voraciously, but I forget nearly every plot and quotation within months. Yet, just as the food we consumed in childhood has transformed into our bones and sinews without our recalling each meal, the forgotten books have already reshaped my perception and temperament.'
[Excerpt B] 'Reading without deliberate memorization is like carrying water in a wicker basket. If one cannot accurately cite the text, quote the arguments, or reproduce the framework, the reading experience remains an ephemeral illusion of competence without substantive intellectual gain.'
Compare Excerpt A and Excerpt B in terms of their criteria for evaluating 'effective reading' (有效閱讀). Explain which author favors implicit internalization and which favors explicit retention.
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解題
1. Analysis of Excerpt A (1.5 marks): Excerpt A defines effective reading as implicit internalization (subtle spiritual and intellectual nourishment). Using the metaphor of digested food forming bones and sinews, the author argues that subconscious absorption and elevation of temperament matter far more than conscious memory. 2. Analysis of Excerpt B (1.5 marks): Excerpt B defines effective reading as explicit retention (verifiable knowledge mastery). Using the metaphor of water leaking through a basket, the author insists that rigor, citation capability, and structured recall are the only solid proofs of intellectual acquisition. 3. Direct Contrast (0.5 marks): Clearly identifies Excerpt A as qualitative/temperamental development versus Excerpt B as quantitative/retrieval-based learning.
評分準則
- Comprehensive explanation of Excerpt A's implicit/temperamental criteria (1.5 marks). - Comprehensive explanation of Excerpt B's explicit/retention criteria (1.5 marks). - Clear summary contrast of the two paradigms (0.5 marks).
題目 16 · Short Answer
3.5 分
Read the following modern essay excerpt and historical commentary:
[Essay Extract] 'The old watchmaker spent three months polishing a tiny internal spring that no buyer would ever lay eyes on. When asked why he bothered with such hidden perfection, he smiled and replied: "The gears may never be seen, but the rhythm of the seconds knows whether they are true."'
[Historical Commentary] 'Chancellor Zhuge Liang personally inspected the manufacture of crossbows and military knives, demanding that every weapon bear the smith's name and meet exact standards. He held that when artisans respect the hidden craftsmanship, victory on the battlefield is decided before a single drum is sounded.'
Analyze the attitude of the 'watchmaker' and 'Zhuge Liang' toward 'hidden craftsmanship' (隱微處的匠心). What is the ultimate purpose/motivation behind their perfectionism?
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解題
1. Watchmaker's Attitude & Motivation (1.5 marks): The watchmaker represents intrinsic dedication and personal conscience. His pursuit of perfection in invisible components is driven by reverence for craftsmanship itself and internal peace of mind, independent of public praise or commercial validation. 2. Zhuge Liang's Attitude & Motivation (1.5 marks): Zhuge Liang represents pragmatic duty, systemic governance, and state responsibility. His insistence on meticulous standards for internal weapon mechanisms is motivated by external battlefield effectiveness, military safety, and national survival. 3. Comparison of Core Motivation (0.5 marks): Contrasts purely intrinsic artistic integrity (watchmaker) with pragmatic, high-stakes institutional accountability (Zhuge Liang).
評分準則
- Accurate analysis of the watchmaker's intrinsic/artisan motivation (1.5 marks). - Accurate analysis of Zhuge Liang's pragmatic/governance motivation (1.5 marks). - Clear comparative synthesis (0.5 marks).
題目 17 · Short Answer
3.5 分
Read the two reflections below on 'the pace of life and social progress':
[Perspective 1] 'High-speed rail compresses thousand-mile journeys into hours, and algorithms answer questions in milliseconds. This frantic acceleration liberates human beings from tedious friction, propelling civilization toward unprecedented abundance and innovation.'
[Perspective 2] 'When journeying from Chang'an to Jiangnan took a month by boat, poets penned verses attuned to changing river tides and drifting clouds. Today's hyper-efficient transit delivers our bodies instantaneously, but our souls arrive breathless and hollow, having skipped the contemplative space that breeds genuine insight.'
Compare Perspective 1 and Perspective 2 regarding 'the psychological and cultural consequences of technological speed'. What tradeoff does Perspective 2 identify that Perspective 1 overlooks?
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解題
1. Perspective 1's stance (1.5 marks): Evaluates speed through the lens of material progress and functional liberation. Speed removes temporal barriers and mechanical friction, freeing human potential for productivity, technological innovation, and prosperity. 2. Perspective 2's stance & Identified Tradeoff (1.5 marks): Evaluates speed through humanistic and poetic depth. It argues that eliminating travel duration simultaneously strips away the contemplative buffer needed for aesthetic observation, self-reflection, and spiritual resonance with the external world. 3. Direct Contrast / Synthesis (0.5 marks): Highlights that while Perspective 1 celebrates mechanical efficiency, Perspective 2 laments the spiritual impoverishment caused by instantaneous transit.
評分準則
- Comprehensive analysis of Perspective 1's view on efficiency and progress (1.5 marks). - Comprehensive analysis of Perspective 2's focus on contemplative loss and spiritual hollowness (1.5 marks). - Clear identification of the specific tradeoff (0.5 marks).
題目 18 · Comprehensive Evaluation
4 分
Based on the unseen modern prose extract below, analyze how the author uses the contrast between the 'old clock tower' and the 'glass skyscraper' to illustrate the passage of time and human attitudes towards historical heritage.
[Extract]: 'The red-brick clock tower stands quietly by the pier, its tarnished copper bell chiming at irregular intervals like the heartbeat of an aging sailor. Across the street, the newly erected glass tower gleams coldly under the noon sun, reflecting distorted fragments of clouds and speeding traffic. Commuters rush past without looking up, checking digital watches that tick in synchronized precision. Yet, whenever the heavy bell strikes three in the misty afternoon, some elderly pedestrians pause in their tracks, as if the chime opens a forgotten gateway to childhood memories.'
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解題
1. Physical and Sensory Contrast: The clock tower is depicted with warm, organic, and aged imagery ('red-brick', 'tarnished copper bell', 'heartbeat of an aging sailor'), symbolizing human warmth, history, and organic time. In contrast, the glass skyscraper is described with cold, sterile, and mechanical imagery ('coldly gleaming', 'distorted fragments', 'digital watches'), symbolizing impersonal modernization and the dizzying pace of contemporary life. 2. Thematic Meaning and Human Attitude: The contrast reflects differing attitudes toward heritage. The hurried commuters reliant on digital clocks embody modern society's neglect and detachment from historical roots. Conversely, the paused elders show that traditional heritage preserves collective emotional memory and emotional grounding amid fleeting urban progress.
評分準則
Total: 4 marks - Contrast Analysis (2 marks): Accurately identifies and explains the contrast between the clock tower (aged, humanized, organic) and the skyscraper/digital watches (cold, modern, mechanized). - Thematic Elaboration (2 marks): Thoroughly elaborates on the underlying message regarding human attitudes toward heritage (alienation/speed in modern life vs. emotional resonance/memory preservation).
Level Descriptors: - 4 marks: Comprehensive analysis of contrast with clear textual evidence and profound thematic explanation. - 2-3 marks: General contrast identified with basic thematic link; slightly vague elaboration. - 0-1 marks: Superficial description or misinterpretation of the core contrast.
題目 19 · Comprehensive Evaluation
4 分
Read the classical commentary excerpt below and answer the question:
Analyze how the commentator employs reasoning by analogy and antithesis to evaluate the fundamentals of generalship and military strategy.
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解題
1. Use of Antithesis (對比/對照): The author juxtaposes two contrasting psychological states and their outcomes: becoming arrogant upon victory ('勝而驕者') as the greatest hazard to the military ('兵家之大蠹'), versus reflecting with cautious humility upon defeat ('敗而知懼者') as the foundation for turning defeat into victory ('反敗為勝之基'). This clearly establishes that psychological discipline and moral integrity are paramount. 2. Use of Analogy (比喻論證): The author compares pursuing superficial stratagems ('徒尚奇謀碎策') without strengthening core military fundamentals ('不務固本培元') to building a house upon shifting sand and expecting it to stand permanently ('猶築室於流沙而望其久安'). This vivid analogy emphasizes that without solid fundamentals and discipline, any clever military tactic is futile and bound to collapse.
評分準則
Total: 4 marks - Explanation of Antithesis (2 marks): Correctly analyzes the contrast between arrogant victory and cautious response to defeat, explaining how it highlights the necessity of self-discipline. - Explanation of Analogy (2 marks): Correctly analyzes the metaphor of building on shifting sand, explaining how it illustrates the futility of relying purely on superficial tactics instead of solid foundational preparation.
Level Descriptors: - 4 marks: Both techniques are clearly identified, accurately analyzed with textual citations, and logically tied to the author's central argument. - 2-3 marks: Identifies both techniques but with partial or slightly superficial explanation, or thoroughly explains only one technique. - 0-1 marks: Fails to identify techniques accurately or provides irrelevant paraphrase.
試卷二 甲部 實用寫作 (卷二 甲部 Practical)
根據所給材料完成實用寫作任務（演講辭）。
1 題目 · 50 分
題目 1 · Practical Writing
50 分
Carefully read the following source materials, and then complete the practical writing task. The whole text must not exceed 550 words (including punctuation marks).
Source 1: Poster of "Cherish Food, Care for Earth" Campaign by District Green Alliance (Excerpt) - Background: In recent years, food waste generation across the city has remained high. The alliance hopes to promote food conservation and environmental awareness among youth through this campaign. - Campaign Activities: 1. Food Upcycling Workshop: Teaches methods to turn surplus ingredients into creative dishes and daily eco-enzymes; introduces proper meal-portion management. 2. Food Sharing Experience Talk: Volunteers share experiences collecting surplus food from local markets and distributing it to underprivileged families, explaining the living conditions of the needy.
Source 2: Excerpt from Heung Shing Secondary School Student Forum - Ka-man: "School canteen lunches are cheap and convenient. If we cannot finish our lunch, throwing away a little bit of leftovers doesn't cause any real harm. Is there really a need to join a food conservation project?" - Lok-hin: "I participated in a food drive last month. Distributing leftover bakery goods to elderly people in our district gave me a huge sense of fulfillment and made me realize how much food is wasted daily." - Wing-yan: "Sorting kitchen waste and measuring daily leftovers take too much extra time during recess. With exams approaching, it creates extra stress and burden." - Tin-lun: "Our school has partnered with District Green Alliance for the 'Cherish Food, Care for Earth' campaign. I will introduce this project and respond to everyone's views during next week's morning assembly."
Writing Task: Heung Shing Secondary School will participate in the "Cherish Food, Care for Earth" campaign this academic year. In the capacity of Tin-lun, the Student Representative of the Environmental Club, write a speech to be delivered during the morning assembly. Your speech should introduce the background and details of the campaign, explain the significance of the project, respond directly to the different viewpoints raised in the forum, and appeal to all students to actively participate and support the campaign. (Word limit: strictly no more than 550 words, including punctuation.)
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解題
Sample Outline and Structure for the Speech: 1. Opening / Salutation: - Formal greeting addressing Principal, teachers, and fellow schoolmates. - Self-introduction as Tin-lun, Representative of the Environmental Club, stating the purpose of the speech (introducing the 'Cherish Food, Care for Earth' campaign).
3. Responding to Student Forum Views (Source 2): - Response to Ka-man: Correct the mindset that 'cheap food can be casually discarded' by stressing environmental cost, carbon footprint, and resource cherishment. - Response to Lok-hin: Affirm the personal satisfaction and empathy gained through surplus food donation and community service. - Response to Wing-yan: Clarify that small behavioral adjustments (proper portion ordering, simple recycling) save time in the long run and do not add academic burden.
4. Elaborating on the Significance of the Project: - Personal growth: Nurtures social empathy, gratitude, and civic responsibility. - Environmental & community impact: Directly reduces landfill burden and supports underprivileged families.
5. Conclusion & Appeal: - Call upon all students to sign up for workshops, adopt zero-waste dining habits, and actively build a sustainable campus community. - Thanking the audience for their time and attention.
評分準則
Total Marks: 50 (Scaled from Content: 30 marks; Organization & Tone: 20 marks)
1. Content (30 marks): - Upper Band (25–30 marks): Accurately and comprehensively incorporates details from both sources; provides well-reasoned, empathetic, and sharp responses addressing Ka-man's indifference, Lok-hin's positive feedback, and Wing-yan's practical concerns; clearly articulates both personal and broader social/ecological significance; persuasive and engaging appeal. - Middle Band (15–24 marks): Covers main points of the campaign and addresses forum views with reasonable logic; explanations of significance are adequate but less profound. - Lower Band (0–14 marks): Fails to address student forum views properly; merely copies source text without elaboration; major misunderstanding of the task.
2. Language, Tone & Organization (20 marks): - Tone & Register (10 marks): Appropriate speech register (sincere, encouraging, persuasive, respectful toward peers and teachers). - Structure & Coherence (10 marks): Proper opening greeting, well-sequenced paragraphs, smooth transitions, and a formal closing.
3. Word Count Deductions: - Exceeding 550 words will be penalized by grade-capping according to HKDSE practical writing rubrics.
試卷二 乙部 命題寫作 (卷二 乙部 Essay)
從三個題目中選擇一題，撰寫一篇不少於650字的文章。
1 題目 · 103 分
題目 1 · Essay
103 分
Part B: Free-Choice Writing (70% of Paper 2, Total: 103 marks)
Instructions: Choose ONE question from Questions 2 to 4 to write an essay. You may choose any style or genre. The article must contain no fewer than 650 words (including punctuation marks).
Question 2: Write an essay with the title "Traces Washed Away by Rain".
Question 3: An old table that wobbles can become steady again when propped up with a piece of wood; a cracked teacup can radiate unique beauty when mended with gold lacquer; an interrupted original journey often opens up unexpected scenery along the detour. Imperfections and disruptions are inevitable in life, but with mindful care and perspective, they can turn into unforgettable landscapes. Write an essay with the title "Adding Scenery to the Detour".
Question 4: Speaker A says: "One should strictly hold on to one's initial principles and never compromise." Speaker B says: "One should learn to adapt flexibly according to changing situations in order to move forward." Write an essay discussing your views on these two viewpoints.
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解題
General Marking Principles for HKDSE Chinese Language Paper 2 (Section B: Essay Writing):
Total: 103 marks, assessed across five domains: 1. Content (立意與取材) – 40 marks 2. Expression (詞句與修辭) – 30 marks 3. Structure (結構篇章) – 20 marks 4. Handwriting and Punctuation (字體標點) – 10 marks 5. Correct Characters (錯別字) – 3 marks (0-1 typos = 3 marks; 2-4 typos = 2 marks; 5-7 typos = 1 mark; 8 or more = 0 marks; repeated identical typos count as one).
Detailed Analysis of Prompts:
Question 2: "Traces Washed Away by Rain" - Key Elements: Candidates must tightly integrate "rain/washing away" with "traces" and explore the emotional, philosophical, or psychological significance behind them. - Suitable themes include the fading of painful memories, the passage of time, the cleansing of guilt or conflict, the resilience of human bonds, or the quiet enduring truth beneath surface changes. - Superior scripts will avoid superficial descriptions of weather and instead establish a profound symbolic link between the natural imagery and personal growth/life realization.
Question 3: "Adding Scenery to the Detour" - Key Elements: Candidates need to grasp the metaphor of "detour" (setbacks, unexpected interruptions, deviations from planned paths) and "adding scenery" (active reinterpretation, positive attitude, discovering new meaning, personal transformation). - Candidates may write a narrative reflection (e.g., failing an expected milestone but finding a true calling) or an expository/argumentative piece discussing the philosophy of embracing unpredictability. - Superior scripts will articulate how human agency and mindset convert an unwanted divergence into a valuable experience.
Question 4: Dual Perspectives on "Adhering to Principles" vs. "Adapting Flexibly" - Key Elements: Candidates must examine both perspectives ("holding firmly to initial principles" and "flexible adaptation") and demonstrate clear logical reasoning. - Candidates may argue that one is superior, that both are complementary (e.g., maintaining fundamental moral bottom lines while adopting flexible strategies), or that their application depends on specific contexts. - Superior scripts will present well-structured arguments, relevant historical/modern exemplars, and nuanced distinction between steadfast integrity and stubborn rigidity, or between practical wisdom and unprincipled compromise.
評分準則
Overall Mark Distribution (Total: 103 marks):
1. Content (40 marks): - Upper Band (33-40 marks): Clear, profound, and unique central theme; highly relevant and rich material/examples; comprehensive interpretation of the prompt's key concepts. - Middle-Upper Band (25-32 marks): Clear theme; appropriate and sufficient material; logical and consistent interpretation. - Middle-Lower Band (17-24 marks): General theme; basic materials provided but somewhat superficial or clichéd; acceptable interpretation. - Lower Band (1-16 marks): Unclear or deviating theme; scarce or irrelevant material; poor understanding of the prompt.
2. Expression (30 marks): - Upper Band (25-30 marks): Precise diction, rich vocabulary, fluent syntax, skillful use of rhetorical devices, vivid and expressive tone. - Middle Band (13-24 marks): Clear and fluent expression, generally accurate vocabulary, appropriate style. - Lower Band (1-12 marks): Clumsy phrasing, repetitive vocabulary, frequent grammatical errors.
3. Structure (20 marks): - Upper Band (17-20 marks): Clear organization, seamless transitions, balanced paragraphs, natural opening and concluding resonance. - Middle Band (9-16 marks): Orderly paragraphs, clear progression of thought, generally balanced structure. - Lower Band (1-8 marks): Disorganized, abrupt transitions, severe structural imbalance.
4. Handwriting & Punctuation (10 marks): - Upper Band (9-10 marks): Neat, legible handwriting; accurate punctuation throughout. - Middle Band (5-8 marks): Clear handwriting; minor punctuation errors. - Lower Band (1-4 marks): Illegible or messy handwriting; frequent punctuation mistakes.
5. Typo Deduction (3 marks): - 0-1 error: 3 marks - 2-4 errors: 2 marks - 5-7 errors: 1 mark - 8+ errors: 0 marks
Word Count Penalty: - Fewer than 650 words: Maximum Content mark capped at Upper-Lower band (24 marks) or below depending on length.
