An original Thinka practice paper modelled on the structure and difficulty of the Nov 2025 SL (TZ3) IB Diploma Programme Language B paper. Not affiliated with or reproduced from IB.
卷一 (Writing)
Complete one task from a choice of three. Use an appropriate text type and write between 250 to 400 words.
2 題目 · 60 分
題目 1 · Extended Response
30 分
Your school has recently experienced a major increase in the use of single-use plastics in the cafeteria, leading to significant waste. You feel strongly that the student body needs to take action to reduce this environmental footprint. Write a text in which you raise awareness about the environmental impact of single-use plastics, explain the benefits of transitioning to a zero-waste school environment, and propose three concrete steps that students can take in their daily school lives to achieve this. Choose the most appropriate text type from the three options: Article, Speech, or Formal letter. Write between 250 and 400 words.
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解題
Model Structure for Selected Text Types: Option 1 (Article) should include a catchy title, engaging introduction to cafeteria waste, discussion of plastic pollution, explanation of zero-waste benefits, 3 action steps (such as bringing reusable containers, sorting waste correctly, and proposing bulk options), and an inspiring call to action. Option 2 (Speech) requires direct audience address, rhetorical questions, personal pronouns like 'we', and a persuasive tone, culminating in a thank you. Option 3 (Formal Letter) must have formal addresses, date, formal salutation, a clear statement of purpose, structured arguments, and a polite sign-off.
評分準則
The writing is assessed against the official IB Diploma Programme Language B assessment criteria for Paper 1 (total 30 marks): Criterion A: Language (12 marks) evaluates vocabulary range, grammatical accuracy, and spelling. Criterion B: Message (12 marks) evaluates depth of ideas, organization, and inclusion of all prompt requirements (impact, benefits, 3 steps). Criterion C: Conceptual Understanding (6 marks) evaluates text type conventions, register, tone, and audience awareness.
題目 2 · Extended Response
30 分
Your school has recently experienced a major increase in the use of single-use plastics in the cafeteria, leading to significant waste. You feel strongly that the student body needs to take action to reduce this environmental footprint. Write a text in which you raise awareness about the environmental impact of single-use plastics, explain the benefits of transitioning to a zero-waste school environment, and propose three concrete steps that students can take in their daily school lives to achieve this. Choose the most appropriate text type from the three options: Article, Speech, or Formal letter. Write between 250 and 400 words.
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解題
Model Structure for Selected Text Types: Option 1 (Article) should include a catchy title, engaging introduction to cafeteria waste, discussion of plastic pollution, explanation of zero-waste benefits, 3 action steps (such as bringing reusable containers, sorting waste correctly, and proposing bulk options), and an inspiring call to action. Option 2 (Speech) requires direct audience address, rhetorical questions, personal pronouns like 'we', and a persuasive tone, culminating in a thank you. Option 3 (Formal Letter) must have formal addresses, date, formal salutation, a clear statement of purpose, structured arguments, and a polite sign-off.
評分準則
The writing is assessed against the official IB Diploma Programme Language B assessment criteria for Paper 1 (total 30 marks): Criterion A: Language (12 marks) evaluates vocabulary range, grammatical accuracy, and spelling. Criterion B: Message (12 marks) evaluates depth of ideas, organization, and inclusion of all prompt requirements (impact, benefits, 3 steps). Criterion C: Conceptual Understanding (6 marks) evaluates text type conventions, register, tone, and audience awareness.
卷二 Reading - Text A
Read Text A and answer questions 1 to 10.
10 題目 · 13 分
題目 1 · 選擇題
1 分
According to paragraph 1, what is the primary threat to the nesting habitats of sea turtles in the region?
The text explicitly states that "rapid, unchecked development of beachfront hotels and boardwalks" is the leading cause of habitat degradation. Thus, option B is correct.
評分準則
[1 mark] Award for selecting option B. Do not award marks for options A, C, or D.
題目 2 · 選擇題
1 分
What makes the new "voluntourism" initiative different from previous tourism models in the village?
A.It completely bars tourists from accessing the beach areas at night.
B.It requires tourists to undergo a week-long certification course before arrival.
C.It actively involves travelers in nightly conservation patrols led by local guides.
D.It relies entirely on international funding rather than visitor contributions.
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解題
The text explains that unlike traditional sightseeing, this new program integrates visitors directly into conservation by pairing them with local guides for nightly monitoring, matching option C.
評分準則
[1 mark] Award for selecting option C. Do not award marks for options A, B, or D.
題目 3 · 選擇題
1 分
How has the local community benefited economically from the establishment of the marine reserve?
A.By receiving direct monthly subsidies from the national government.
B.Through the creation of cooperative-run ecolodges and guiding jobs.
C.By expanding their commercial fishing zone into deeper waters.
D.Through international grants dedicated solely to private landholders.
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解題
The text mentions that local families transitioned from traditional fishing to hospitality, opening community-owned eco-lodges and working as certified guides, making B the correct answer.
評分準則
[1 mark] Award for selecting option B. Do not award marks for options A, C, or D.
題目 4 · 選擇題
1 分
According to the author, how has the younger generation's attitude toward the environment changed?
A.They are migrating to urban centers to avoid agricultural work.
B.They view conservation as an obstacle to modern technological adaptation.
C.They prioritize high-intensity commercial farming over traditional methods.
D.They embrace sustainable living practices as a core part of their daily routine and identity.
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解題
The text highlights that the youth have adopted zero-waste habits and participate daily in environmental stewardship, viewing it as a lifestyle rather than a chore. This matches option D.
評分準則
[1 mark] Award for selecting option D. Do not award marks for options A, B, or C.
題目 5 · 選擇題
1 分
What ethical dilemma do the conservationists face regarding the use of turtle eggs?
A.Balancing traditional dietary customs with strict biodiversity preservation laws.
B.Deciding whether to sell the eggs to fund local educational facilities.
C.Choosing between artificial incubation and leaving nests vulnerable to high tides.
D.Allowing researchers to study the eggs while excluding community members from the process.
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解題
The article describes the challenge of respecting indigenous culinary traditions while enforcing absolute protection of endangered species' eggs, which corresponds to option A.
評分準則
[1 mark] Award for selecting option A. Do not award marks for options B, C, or D.
題目 6 · Short Answer
1 分
Based on Paragraph 1 of Text A, what does the word "their" refer to in the following sentence?
"A group of environmentalists launched a petition to protect the local wetlands. Their primary goal is to halt the proposed construction of an industrial park in the area."
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解題
The possessive determiner "Their" refers to the plural subject "environmentalists" (or "a group of environmentalists") mentioned in the preceding sentence.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for "the environmentalists" or "environmentalists" (also accept "a group of environmentalists").
Reject: "petition", "wetlands", or "industrial park".
題目 7 · Short Answer
1 分
Based on Paragraph 2 of Text A, what does the word "one" refer to in the following sentence?
"While there are many digital translation tools available today, the school selected the most reliable one for the foreign language department."
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解題
The pronoun "one" functions as a substitute for the noun phrase "digital translation tool" (or "translation tool") mentioned earlier in the sentence.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for "digital translation tool" or "translation tool" (accept plural "tools" if clear context is given, though singular is preferred).
Reject: "school" or "foreign language department".
題目 8 · Short Answer
1 分
Based on Paragraph 3 of Text A, what does the word "it" refer to in the following sentence?
"Engaging in daily mindfulness meditation can significantly lower anxiety. Many psychologists recommend it as an effective coping mechanism for students during exams."
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解題
The pronoun "it" acts as a direct object referring back to "daily mindfulness meditation" or "mindfulness meditation" from the previous sentence.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for "mindfulness meditation" or "daily mindfulness meditation" (also accept "engaging in daily mindfulness meditation").
Reject: "anxiety" or "coping mechanism".
題目 9 · Short Answer
1 分
Based on Paragraph 4 of Text A, what does the word "whose" refer to in the following sentence?
"The neighborhood association organized a charity drive to support local food banks, whose supplies had run critically low over the winter."
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解題
The possessive relative pronoun "whose" refers back to the antecedent "local food banks" to indicate their supplies.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for "local food banks" or "food banks".
Reject: "neighborhood association" or "charity drive".
題目 10 · multi-select
4 分
Read the text about the green initiative in San Miguel and choose the FOUR statements from A to H that are true according to the text.
Text: San Miguel, a small coastal town, has recently achieved a milestone by recycling 80% of its household waste. This project, initiated by a local youth group called 'Jóvenes Verdes' (Young Greens) three years ago, has transformed the community's approach to the environment. Initially, many residents were skeptical about separating organic waste, fearing bad odors and pests. However, the introduction of sealed, aerated compost bins by the municipality resolved these concerns. The town council also organized weekly workshops to educate families. Today, not only do households separate compostable material, but they also participate in 'Plastic-Free Fridays,' where local shops offer discounts to customers who bring their own reusable containers. The success of San Miguel has inspired neighboring municipalities to adopt similar strategies, proving that grassroots movements can lead to significant environmental change.
Statements: A. The recycling project in San Miguel was started by the local municipality. B. San Miguel has successfully managed to recycle four-fifths of its household waste. C. At first, some citizens worried about potential unpleasant smells from composting. D. The municipality provided aerated and sealed bins to address residents' concerns. E. Workshops about waste separation are held once a month. F. Local shops increase their prices on Fridays to discourage plastic use. G. Customers get discounts on Fridays if they bring their own reusable containers. H. Other towns nearby have rejected San Miguel's waste management model.
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解題
The correct statements are B, C, D, and G.
- Statement B is true because the text states that the town recycles 80% of its household waste, which is equivalent to four-fifths. - Statement C is true because residents originally feared 'bad odors and pests' from compost. - Statement D is true because the municipality introduced 'sealed, aerated compost bins' to address these specific worries. - Statement G is true because shops offer discounts to customers who bring their own reusable containers on 'Plastic-Free Fridays'.
Incorrect statements: - A is false because the project was started by a local youth group called 'Jóvenes Verdes'. - E is false because the council organized 'weekly' workshops, not monthly. - F is false because shops offer 'discounts' rather than increasing prices. - H is false because the initiative 'inspired neighboring municipalities to adopt similar strategies'.
評分準則
Award [1 mark] for each correct statement identified, up to a maximum of [4 marks]. - B - C - D - G
Award [0 marks] for any other choices.
卷二 Reading - Text B
Read Text B and answer questions 11 to 24.
14 題目 · 14 分
題目 1 · short-answer
1 分
According to the first paragraph, what was the main reason for launching the 'GreenUp' initiative?
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解題
According to the text, the founder wanted to convert concrete areas into green gardens. Accept responses that highlight the conversion of neglected or unused urban concrete spaces into green areas.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for answers indicating the transformation or conversion of neglected urban/concrete spaces into green gardens. Reject answers mentioning only 'gardening' or 'growing vegetables' without reference to the physical transformation of the space.
題目 2 · short-answer
1 分
Based on the second paragraph, what specific psychological benefit do volunteers experience while working in the garden?
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解題
In the second paragraph, the text points out that working in the garden leads to a significant reduction in stress levels among local residents. Accept equivalents such as relief from anxiety or lowered stress.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for answers referencing a reduction in stress or anxiety. Reject general answers like 'feeling happier' or physical health improvements.
題目 3 · short-answer
1 分
According to the third paragraph, which specific urban environmental hazard does the rooftop soil help control?
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解題
Paragraph 3 notes that the deep soil layers absorb heavy rain, reducing stormwater runoff. Accept solutions mentioning stormwater runoff, urban flooding, or excessive rainwater pooling.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for mentioning stormwater runoff or urban flooding control. Reject general environmental terms like 'air pollution' or simple 'rain'.
題目 4 · gap-fill
1 分
Read Text B about community-led reforestation in Costa Rica. Based on the text, complete the summary by choosing the correct word from the list below for gap [11].
Summary: The reforestation project in Costa Rica has successfully restored biodiversity by planting [11] trees. Local communities played a [12] role in ensuring the survival of these saplings. Funding was mainly secured through [13] donations, which allowed the purchase of essential tools. Ultimately, this initiative serves as a model for [14] environmental conservation worldwide.
List of words: - crucial - destructive - international - native - secondary - sustainable - temporary
Write only the chosen word as your answer.
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解題
The correct word for gap [11] is 'native'. Restoring biodiversity is achieved by planting indigenous or native trees, rather than destructive or exotic species. In the context of the summary, 'native' is the only adjective that logically and grammatically fits the description of trees that restore biodiversity.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct word: 'native'. - Accept: 'native' (case-insensitive). - Reject: Any other word.
題目 5 · gap-fill
1 分
Read Text B about community-led reforestation in Costa Rica. Based on the text, complete the summary by choosing the correct word from the list below for gap [12].
Summary: The reforestation project in Costa Rica has successfully restored biodiversity by planting [11] trees. Local communities played a [12] role in ensuring the survival of these saplings. Funding was mainly secured through [13] donations, which allowed the purchase of essential tools. Ultimately, this initiative serves as a model for [14] environmental conservation worldwide.
List of words: - crucial - destructive - international - native - secondary - sustainable - temporary
Write only the chosen word as your answer.
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解題
The correct word for gap [12] is 'crucial'. Since the community successfully ensured the survival of the saplings, their role was highly important, making 'crucial' the most suitable descriptor.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct word: 'crucial'. - Accept: 'crucial' (case-insensitive). - Reject: Any other word.
題目 6 · gap-fill
1 分
Read Text B about community-led reforestation in Costa Rica. Based on the text, complete the summary by choosing the correct word from the list below for gap [13].
Summary: The reforestation project in Costa Rica has successfully restored biodiversity by planting [11] trees. Local communities played a [12] role in ensuring the survival of these saplings. Funding was mainly secured through [13] donations, which allowed the purchase of essential tools. Ultimately, this initiative serves as a model for [14] environmental conservation worldwide.
List of words: - crucial - destructive - international - native - secondary - sustainable - temporary
Write only the chosen word as your answer.
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解題
The correct word for gap [13] is 'international'. This fits grammatically before 'donations' and describes the source of funding used to purchase tools.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct word: 'international'. - Accept: 'international' (case-insensitive). - Reject: Any other word.
題目 7 · gap-fill
1 分
Read Text B about community-led reforestation in Costa Rica. Based on the text, complete the summary by choosing the correct word from the list below for gap [14].
Summary: The reforestation project in Costa Rica has successfully restored biodiversity by planting [11] trees. Local communities played a [12] role in ensuring the survival of these saplings. Funding was mainly secured through [13] donations, which allowed the purchase of essential tools. Ultimately, this initiative serves as a model for [14] environmental conservation worldwide.
List of words: - crucial - destructive - international - native - secondary - sustainable - temporary
Write only the chosen word as your answer.
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解題
The correct word for gap [14] is 'sustainable'. The collocation 'sustainable environmental conservation' aligns perfectly with the ecological context of a successful, long-term reforestation project.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct word: 'sustainable'. - Accept: 'sustainable' (case-insensitive). - Reject: Any other word.
題目 8 · Sentence Endings Matching
1 分
Read Text B about urban green spaces and complete the sentence. Choose the correct ending from the list (A–G).
**Sentence start:** According to the author, participating in local community gardening projects...
**List of endings:** **A.** ...requires active long-term volunteering from local residents. **B.** ...leads to immediate social connections and decreased isolation. **C.** ...shows a significant decrease in physiological stress. **D.** ...is often ignored by urban planners due to budget constraints. **E.** ...helps individuals develop a stronger sense of physical endurance. **F.** ...has decided to partner with local environmental NGOs. **G.** ...is proven to improve mental resilience against daily anxiety.
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解題
The author explains that working side-by-side in community gardens enables neighbors to bond quickly, which directly leads to immediate social connections and decreased isolation. Hence, the correct ending is option B.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct letter B. No other choices are accepted.
題目 9 · Sentence Endings Matching
1 分
Read Text B about urban green spaces and complete the sentence. Choose the correct ending from the list (A–G).
**Sentence start:** The reduction in cortisol levels among urban residents who visit green spaces...
**List of endings:** **A.** ...requires active long-term volunteering from local residents. **B.** ...leads to immediate social connections and decreased isolation. **C.** ...shows a significant decrease in physiological stress. **D.** ...is often ignored by urban planners due to budget constraints. **E.** ...helps individuals develop a stronger sense of physical endurance. **F.** ...has decided to partner with local environmental NGOs. **G.** ...is proven to improve mental resilience against daily anxiety.
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解題
The text links cortisol reduction directly to physical stress relief, stating that it serves as biometric proof of relaxation. This matches option C ('shows a significant decrease in physiological stress').
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct letter C. No other choices are accepted.
題目 10 · Sentence Endings Matching
1 分
Read Text B about urban green spaces and complete the sentence. Choose the correct ending from the list (A–G).
**Sentence start:** To ensure that these initiatives do not fade away, the city council...
**List of endings:** **A.** ...requires active long-term volunteering from local residents. **B.** ...leads to immediate social connections and decreased isolation. **C.** ...shows a significant decrease in physiological stress. **D.** ...is often ignored by urban planners due to budget constraints. **E.** ...helps individuals develop a stronger sense of physical endurance. **F.** ...has decided to partner with local environmental NGOs. **G.** ...is proven to improve mental resilience against daily anxiety.
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解題
The text explicitly states that the city council is securing long-term support and funding by forming alliances with environmental organizations. This corresponds to option F ('has decided to partner with local environmental NGOs').
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct letter F. No other choices are accepted.
題目 11 · Heading Matching
1 分
Read Text B below and answer the question.
**Text B: The Rise of Green Rooftops in Modern Cities**
**Paragraph 1** In many metropolitan areas around the world, concrete surfaces are being replaced by lush, green vegetation. These rooftop gardens are not just aesthetically pleasing; they play a crucial role in lowering urban temperatures. By absorbing sunlight and releasing moisture through evapotranspiration, green roofs help combat the "urban heat island" effect that plagues modern concrete jungles.
Based on Text B, choose the most appropriate heading for **Paragraph 1** from the list of options below: - **A**: A sanctuary for local biodiversity - **B**: Financial incentives and energy savings - **C**: Managing urban stormwater runoff - **D**: Combating the urban heat island effect - **E**: Challenges in structural installation - **F**: Government policies and community gardens
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解題
Paragraph 1 focuses on lowering urban temperatures and evapotranspiration to combat the "urban heat island" effect, making heading **D** the correct match.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct letter (D). No half marks are given. Award 0 marks for any other option.
題目 12 · Heading Matching
1 分
Read Text B below and answer the question.
**Text B: The Rise of Green Rooftops in Modern Cities**
**Paragraph 2** In addition to temperature control, green roofs act as natural sponges during heavy rainfalls. Traditional urban infrastructure often struggles with storm water runoff, leading to localized flooding and water pollution. Rooftop plants and soil capture a significant portion of rainwater, filtering out pollutants and releasing it slowly back into the drainage system, thereby preventing sewage overflows.
Based on Text B, choose the most appropriate heading for **Paragraph 2** from the list of options below: - **A**: A sanctuary for local biodiversity - **B**: Financial incentives and energy savings - **C**: Managing urban stormwater runoff - **D**: Combating the urban heat island effect - **E**: Challenges in structural installation - **F**: Government policies and community gardens
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解題
Paragraph 2 details how green roofs manage stormwater runoff and prevent localized flooding by capturing rainwater, making heading **C** the correct match.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct letter (C). No half marks are given. Award 0 marks for any other option.
題目 13 · Heading Matching
1 分
Read Text B below and answer the question.
**Text B: The Rise of Green Rooftops in Modern Cities**
**Paragraph 3** While the environmental benefits are clear, the economic advantages of implementing these green spaces are also substantial. Buildings equipped with green roofs benefit from enhanced insulation, which significantly reduces the energy required for heating in winter and cooling in summer. Consequently, property owners experience a noticeable drop in monthly energy bills, making it a lucrative long-term investment.
Based on Text B, choose the most appropriate heading for **Paragraph 3** from the list of options below: - **A**: A sanctuary for local biodiversity - **B**: Financial incentives and energy savings - **C**: Managing urban stormwater runoff - **D**: Combating the urban heat island effect - **E**: Challenges in structural installation - **F**: Government policies and community gardens
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解題
Paragraph 3 discusses the financial advantages, insulation, and reduction in energy bills, which directly corresponds to heading **B** (Financial incentives and energy savings).
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct letter (B). No half marks are given. Award 0 marks for any other option.
題目 14 · Heading Matching
1 分
Read Text B below and answer the question.
**Text B: The Rise of Green Rooftops in Modern Cities**
**Paragraph 4** Finally, these elevated sanctuaries provide vital habitats for various urban wildlife. In a landscape dominated by glass and steel, birds, bees, and butterflies struggle to find food and nesting spots. Green roofs offer a haven of biodiversity, supporting local ecosystems and promoting ecological balance within the heart of the city.
Based on Text B, choose the most appropriate heading for **Paragraph 4** from the list of options below: - **A**: A sanctuary for local biodiversity - **B**: Financial incentives and energy savings - **C**: Managing urban stormwater runoff - **D**: Combating the urban heat island effect - **E**: Challenges in structural installation - **F**: Government policies and community gardens
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解題
Paragraph 4 details how green roofs support urban wildlife and promote biodiversity, which directly corresponds to heading **A** (A sanctuary for local biodiversity).
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct letter (A). No half marks are given. Award 0 marks for any other option.
卷二 Reading - Text C
Read Text C and answer questions 25 to 37.
14 題目 · 14 分
題目 1 · Short Answer Sentence Completion
1 分
Based on the text about forest bathing (shinrin-yoku), complete the following sentence with words from Paragraph 1:
Forest bathing is a unique practice because it requires participants to connect with the environment by using ________.
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解題
Paragraph 1 indicates that forest bathing is not simply about physical movement like walking, but rather 'it is about connecting with nature through our five senses.' Thus, the correct phrase to complete the sentence is 'their five senses' (or 'our five senses').
評分準則
Award 1 mark for 'their five senses' or 'our five senses'. Also accept 'five senses'. Reject answers that do not mention the senses (e.g., 'walking' or 'meditating').
題目 2 · Short Answer Sentence Completion
1 分
Based on the text, complete the following sentence with words from Paragraph 2:
Scientific studies have shown that forest bathing can reduce levels of cortisol, which is defined as the body's ________.
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解題
Paragraph 2 explicitly states that spending time under a tree canopy 'reduces cortisol levels, the body's primary stress hormone.' Therefore, the missing definition is 'primary stress hormone'.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for 'primary stress hormone'. Also accept 'stress hormone'. Reject unrelated biological terms from the paragraph (e.g., 'phytoncides' or 'natural killer cells').
題目 3 · Short Answer Sentence Completion
1 分
Based on the text, complete the following sentence with words from Paragraph 3:
Even in a small city park, individuals can experience mental health improvements, as long as they ________.
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解題
Paragraph 3 notes that small urban parks still offer significant psychological benefits 'provided individuals disconnect from digital distractions.' The matching condition is therefore 'disconnect from digital distractions'.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for 'disconnect from digital distractions' or 'disconnect from digital devices'. Accept close paraphrases such as 'avoid digital distractions' or 'turn off phones'. Reject vague answers like 'disconnect' or 'visit a park'.
題目 4 · short_answer
1 分
Based on Text C, find a word in paragraph 1 that means "impending" or "about to happen".
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解題
In paragraph 1, the text refers to "the imminent threat of climate change..." where "imminent" directly corresponds to "impending" or "about to happen".
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct word: "imminent". Minor spelling errors that do not change the word's identity may be accepted, but exact spelling is preferred.
題目 5 · short_answer
1 分
Based on Text C, find an adjective in paragraph 1 that means "introducing new ideas or original methods".
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解題
In paragraph 1, the author mentions "innovative strategies", where "innovative" matches the definition of introducing new, advanced, or original ideas and methods.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct word: "innovative". Reject nouns or other parts of speech (e.g., "innovation").
題目 6 · short_answer
1 分
Based on Text C, find a verb in paragraph 1 that means "make something less severe, serious, or painful".
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解題
In paragraph 1, the text describes how green infrastructure "helps to mitigate the heat island effect". The verb "mitigate" means to make less severe or serious.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct verb: "mitigate" (or "to mitigate"). Reject other forms of the word.
題目 7 · short_answer
1 分
Based on Text C, find a verb in paragraph 2 that means "distribute resources or duties for a particular purpose".
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解題
In paragraph 2, the text states that governments "must allocate sufficient funds". The verb "allocate" means to distribute resources or funds for a specific purpose.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct verb: "allocate" (or "to allocate"). Reject nouns like "allocation".
題目 8 · short_answer
1 分
Based on Text C, find an adjective in paragraph 2 that means "more important than anything else" or "supreme".
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解題
In paragraph 2, the text states that "community participation is paramount to the success of these initiatives." The word "paramount" means of chief importance or supreme.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for the correct word: "paramount". No other synonyms from outside the text are acceptable.
題目 9 · True or False
1 分
Read the following text about citizen science and answer the question.
**Text extract:** *Paragraph 1: EcoWatch, a revolutionary environmental mobile application, was launched in 2022 by Dr. Aris Thorne. It was initially met with skepticism by the scientific community who doubted the accuracy of amateur data. However, the app has strict validation protocols. Users must upload geotagged photos, which are then cross-verified by an AI model and reviewed by a panel of volunteer biologists. Over 50,000 active users globally have contributed to the database. Thanks to this, researchers recently discovered a shift in the nesting habits of the Eastern Bluebird, occurring three weeks earlier than recorded a decade ago. Dr. Thorne emphasizes that the app does not aim to replace traditional laboratory-based science but to complement it, extending the reach of researchers to remote areas they could never afford to monitor physically.*
Based on the text above, state whether the following statement is **True** or **False**, and justify your answer using a word or phrase from the text.
**Statement:** Professional scientists immediately welcomed the launch of the EcoWatch app with great enthusiasm.
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解題
According to the text, when EcoWatch was launched, it "was initially met with skepticism by the scientific community." This directly contradicts the statement that they welcomed it with enthusiasm. Therefore, the statement is False.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for BOTH the correct selection (False) and an acceptable justification from the text. - Acceptable justifications: "[was] initially met with skepticism by the scientific community" or "doubted the accuracy of amateur data". - Do not award fractional marks if only one part is correct.
題目 10 · True or False
1 分
Based on the text provided in Question 25, state whether the following statement is **True** or **False**, and justify your answer using a word or phrase from the text.
**Statement:** The validation process for EcoWatch submissions relies solely on artificial intelligence.
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解題
The text explains that photos are "cross-verified by an AI model and reviewed by a panel of volunteer biologists." Because human biologists are also involved in the verification process, it does not rely solely on artificial intelligence. Therefore, the statement is False.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for BOTH the correct selection (False) and an acceptable justification from the text. - Acceptable justifications: "[and] reviewed by a panel of volunteer biologists" or "cross-verified by an AI model and reviewed by a panel of volunteer biologists". - Do not award marks if the justification implies AI is the only mechanism.
題目 11 · True or False
1 分
Based on the text provided in Question 25, state whether the following statement is **True** or **False**, and justify your answer using a word or phrase from the text.
**Statement:** EcoWatch users have successfully helped identify a change in the breeding timelines of a specific bird species.
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解題
The text states that "researchers recently discovered a shift in the nesting habits of the Eastern Bluebird, occurring three weeks earlier than recorded a decade ago." This confirms that the timeline of breeding behavior has shifted. Therefore, the statement is True.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for BOTH the correct selection (True) and an acceptable justification from the text. - Acceptable justifications: "discovered a shift in the nesting habits of the Eastern Bluebird" or "[occurring] three weeks earlier than recorded a decade ago". - Do not award fractional marks.
題目 12 · True or False
1 分
Based on the text provided in Question 25, state whether the following statement is **True** or **False**, and justify your answer using a word or phrase from the text.
**Statement:** According to Dr. Thorne, the app's primary purpose is to substitute traditional laboratory research.
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解題
Dr. Thorne explicitly states that the app "does not aim to replace traditional laboratory-based science but to complement it." Thus, it is not intended as a substitute. Therefore, the statement is False.
評分準則
Award 1 mark for BOTH the correct selection (False) and an acceptable justification from the text. - Acceptable justifications: "does not aim to replace traditional laboratory-based science [but to complement it]" or "does not aim to replace traditional laboratory-based science" or "to complement it". - Do not award fractional marks.
題目 13 · 選擇題
1 分
Based on Text C, what is the primary reason the 'Bosque Vivo' initiative succeeded where previous governmental schemes had failed?
A.It relied on advanced biotechnology and automated drone-planting systems.
B.It actively empowered the indigenous community by granting them project ownership.
C.It was heavily subsidized by multinational eco-tourism conglomerates.
D.It completely restricted human access to allow natural regeneration.
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解題
The passage highlights that top-down government policies failed due to a lack of local engagement. Conversely, 'Bosque Vivo' succeeded because it gave active ownership and decision-making roles to the indigenous community, making Option B the correct choice.
評分準則
1 mark: B. 0 marks: A, C, or D.
題目 14 · 選擇題
1 分
Based on Text C, what is the primary reason the 'Bosque Vivo' initiative succeeded where previous governmental schemes had failed?
A.It relied on advanced biotechnology and automated drone-planting systems.
B.It actively empowered the indigenous community by granting them project ownership.
C.It was heavily subsidized by multinational eco-tourism conglomerates.
D.It completely restricted human access to allow natural regeneration.
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解題
The passage highlights that top-down government policies failed due to a lack of local engagement. Conversely, 'Bosque Vivo' succeeded because it gave active ownership and decision-making roles to the indigenous community, making Option B the correct choice.
評分準則
1 mark: B. 0 marks: A, C, or D.
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