Chromosomes, genes and proteins：练习题

Which combination of sex chromosomes is normally found in the body cells of a female human?

What is the correct pathway for protein synthesis within a cell?

Which statement best explains how DNA controls cell function?

In a molecule of DNA, which base always pairs with Guanine (G)?

What determines the specific sequence of amino acids used to build a protein during translation?

Define the term gene.

Describe the difference between a haploid nucleus and a diploid nucleus.

Explain how the sequence of bases in a gene results in a protein molecule having a specific shape.

Chromosomes and the genes they carry are fundamental to the inheritance of characteristics and the synthesis of proteins in all living organisms.

(a) State the name of the chemical that makes up a chromosome.
(b) Define the term gene.
(c) Explain the difference between a haploid nucleus and a diploid nucleus, and state the number of chromosomes found in a human diploid cell.

DNA molecules carry the genetic code necessary for the synthesis of proteins, which determine the structural and functional characteristics of an organism.

(a) State the term used to describe a specific length of DNA that codes for a single protein.
(b) Explain the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the process of protein synthesis, including where it is formed and where it travels to within the cell.
(c) Explain why different types of specialized cells, such as a muscle cell and a nerve cell, can have the same set of genes but perform vastly different functions.