AQA A Level · Biology 7402

Gene technologies allow the study and alteration of gene function allowing a better understanding of organism function and the design of new industrial and medical processes: Practice Questions

5 multiple-choice questions marked as you go, and 3 written questions with worked solutions. All on Gene technologies allow the study and alteration of gene function allowing a better understanding of organism function and the design of new industrial and medical processes.

8 questions21 marksFree, no account

Question 1

1 mark

In genetic fingerprinting, DNA fragments are separated using gel electrophoresis. Which principle explains the movement of these fragments through the gel?

Question 2

1 mark

In the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), primers are essential components of the reaction mixture. What is their specific function?

Question 3

1 mark

In recombinant DNA technology, what is the specific role of DNA ligase during the formation of a recombinant plasmid?

Question 4

1 mark

A scientist is using DNA probes and hybridisation to screen a patient for a specific heritable disease. Which of the following is a necessary step in this process?

Question 5

1 mark

During recombinant DNA technology, why can a fragment of DNA from a human gene be successfully translated into a protein within a transgenic bacterium?

Question 6

3 marks

In recombinant DNA technology, the enzyme reverse transcriptase is frequently used to produce DNA fragments from mRNA.
}
}Explain one advantage of using mRNA as the starting material for obtaining a gene, rather than using a sample of the organism's total nuclear DNA.

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Question 7

5 marks

A researcher uses DNA probes and DNA hybridisation to locate a specific mutant allele associated with a genetic disorder.
Explain why it is necessary to denature the patient's double-stranded DNA before the labelled probe can be used effectively.

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Question 8

8 marks

Recombinant DNA technology involves various enzymes and techniques to manipulate genes.

a) Describe how reverse transcriptase is used to produce a gene from mRNA.
b) Explain the importance of sticky ends produced by restriction endonucleases when inserting a DNA fragment into a vector.
c) In the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), explain why the mixture is heated to \(95^{\circ}C\) and then cooled to \(55^{\circ}C\) before being heated to \(72^{\circ}C\).
d) Suggest one ethical concern regarding the use of gene therapy in humans.

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