HKDSE · Answers & Marking Scheme

2021 HKDSE 中國語文 Answers & Marking Scheme

Thinka 2021 DSE-Style Mock — 中國語文

146 marks210 mins2021

An original Thinka practice paper modelled on the structure and difficulty of that year's HKDSE paper. Not affiliated with or reproduced from the HKEAA.

Paper 1 Part A (指定閱讀篇章)

Answer all questions based on the 12 set texts in the syllabus. Ensure accurate text retrieval and clear logical explanation of philosophical arguments.

8 Question · 22 marks

Question 1 · Word Explanation

2 marks

Explain the meaning of the character in the brackets 【】 in the following sentence:

「【縈】青繚白，外與天際。」（《始得西山宴遊記》）

Answer

縈：纏繞 / 環繞 / 盤繞

Worked solution

In the context of the essay 'First Visit to West Mountain' by Liu Zongyuan, '縈青繚白' describes the green mountains and white clouds twisting and winding around each other. Thus, '縈' means winding, intertwining, or encircling.

Marking scheme

Score 2 marks for: 'winding', 'intertwining', 'encircling', 'wrapping around' (or similar accurate translations).
Score 1 mark for: 'surrounding' or 'connecting'.
Score 0 marks for completely incorrect answers (e.g., 'tying', 'shining').

Question 2 · Word Explanation

2 marks

Explain the meaning of the character in the brackets 【】 in the following sentence:

「相如【顧】召趙御史書曰：『某年月日，秦王為趙王擊缶。』」（《廉頗藺相如列傳》）

Answer

顧：回頭 / 回首 / 轉過頭

Worked solution

In 'The Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru', Lin Xiangru looks back and orders the Zhao historian to write down the event. Therefore, the character '顧' here means 'to turn around' or 'to look back'.

Marking scheme

Score 2 marks for: 'to turn around', 'to look back', 'to turn one's head' (or similar).
Score 0 marks for incorrect meanings, such as 'to consider', 'to look', 'to take care of'.

Question 3 · Sentence Completion

2 marks

According to Confucius' teachings in "On Benevolence, Filial Piety, and the Gentleman", a gentleman (Junzi) focuses on self-cultivation. When faced with others not understanding him, he only worries about his own lack of ability, which is (i) "______"; and when dealing with issues, a gentleman (ii) "______", directing requirements toward himself, which contrasts with the petty man's tendency to demand things from others. (Fill in the blanks with direct quotes from the original text)

Answer

(i) 病無能焉 / 病無能； (ii) 求諸己 / 君子求諸己

Worked solution

Based on the passages from the Analects in the syllabus: 1. "君子病無能焉，不病人之不己知也。" (The gentleman is distressed by his own lack of ability, not by others not knowing him.) Therefore, the response to not being known is worrying about one's lack of ability: "病無能焉" or "病無能". 2. "君子求諸己，小人求諸人。" (The gentleman seeks it in himself, the petty man seeks it in others.) Therefore, in contrast to the petty man demanding from others, the gentleman demands from himself: "求諸己" or "君子求諸己".

Marking scheme

1 mark for each correct blank. No marks will be awarded if there are any incorrect characters or homophones. (i) "病無能焉" (Accept: "病無能") (ii) "求諸己" (Accept: "君子求諸己")

Question 4 · MCQ

2 marks

According to 'On Benevolence, Filial Piety, and the Gentleman', which of the following statements about 'benevolence' (仁) and 'the gentleman' (君子) is/are correct? (1) 'Restraining oneself and returning to propriety is benevolence' shows that practicing benevolence requires self-restraint to conform to propriety. (2) 'Those who are not benevolent cannot long dwell in straitened circumstances' implies that people without benevolence cannot withstand poverty and hardship for long. (3) 'The gentleman worries about the Way, not about poverty' indicates that a gentleman only cares about morals and does not need to work to sustain himself. (4) 'If a man is not benevolent, what has he to do with propriety?' emphasizes that outward ritual is meaningless without inward benevolence.

A.(1) and (2) only
B.(3) and (4) only
C.(1), (2) and (4) only
D.(1), (3) and (4) only

Answer

Worked solution

Statement (1) is correct because '克己復禮' means mastering oneself to return to proper conduct (propriety). Statement (2) is correct as '約' refers to poverty and difficult situations; those lacking benevolence will lose their moral ground and act wrongfully if they stay poor for too long. Statement (3) is incorrect because '憂道不憂貧' means the gentleman's primary spiritual and moral focus is the pursuit of the Way (Dao), not that he is physically forbidden from or has no need for basic livelihood. Statement (4) is correct as Confucius emphasizes that inner benevolence is the foundation of external ritual and music. Therefore, statements (1), (2), and (4) are correct, making C the correct answer.

Marking scheme

Award 2 marks for selecting the correct option C. Award 0 marks for selecting other options.

Question 5 · MCQ

2 marks

In 'My First Visit to Xishan', Liu Zongyuan describes his previous travels: 'lying down and dreaming. Whatever was in my mind, my dreams would also reach. Waking up, I arose, and having arisen, I returned'. What does this reflect about his state of mind at that time?

A.It shows he was completely carefree and integrated with nature, enjoying unrestrained spiritual freedom.
B.It reflects that his travels were merely superficial escapes; his mind was still anxious and bound by his political exile, unable to find true spiritual liberation.
C.It shows his deep passion for exploring hazardous terrains, which allowed him to forget his exile.
D.It indicates that he was physically exhausted from the hard climb and could only find comfort in sleep.

Answer

Worked solution

Before discovering Xishan, Liu Zongyuan describes himself as 'constantly in fear' (恆惴慄) as an exile. His travels at that time were merely attempts to numb himself and escape his gloomy mood. The line 'lying down and dreaming. Whatever was in my mind, my dreams would also reach' indicates that even in his dreams, he was still obsessed with his anxieties and could not truly break free from his mental shackles. 'Waking up, I arose, and having arisen, I returned' shows a mechanical, repetitive cycle of coming and going, proving that he had not achieved true spiritual release (which he only achieves later on Xishan, described as 'mind became concentrated and body released, merging with nature'). Therefore, option B is correct.

Marking scheme

Award 2 marks for selecting the correct option B. Award 0 marks for selecting other options.

Question 6 · Argumentation / Image Contrast Analysis

4 marks

In 'Fish I Want', Mencius contrasts the image of a passerby or beggar refusing 'food shouted at rudely' (嘑爾而與之) or 'food trampled upon' (蹴爾而與之) with that of an official accepting 'ten thousand zhong' of salary 'without distinguishing propriety and righteousness' (萬鍾則不辯禮義而受之). How does this contrast of images support his central argument? Explain with reference to the text.

Answer

Mencius contrasts the beggar's preservation of self-respect under extreme conditions with the official's compromise of moral integrity for luxury, proving that the 'original heart' is inherent in all but can be lost through material temptation, thereby reinforcing his thesis of 'choosing righteousness over life'.

Worked solution

1. Content of the Contrast: The beggar/passerby prioritizes self-respect and basic moral integrity ('original heart') over life-saving food, showing that even the poorest value righteousness over life. In contrast, the high officials who accept 'ten thousand zhong' without checking propriety and righteousness do so merely for material luxury (beautiful houses, service of wives and concubines, gratitude of poor acquaintances), sacrificing their moral integrity. (2 marks)
2. Effect of Argumentation: Through this contrast, Mencius argues that every human naturally possesses the 'original heart' (benevolence and righteousness) from birth. The beggar represents those who preserve this heart under extreme trial, whereas the corrupt officials represent those who lose their 'original heart' due to the temptation of material wealth. This highlights the importance of preserving the 'original heart' and refraining from losing it ('失其本心'), thereby supporting the central thesis of 'choosing righteousness over life' (舍生取義). (2 marks)

Marking scheme

- Detailing the Contrast (2 marks): Clearly state the two contrasting images (the beggar refusing degraded food vs. the official accepting massive wealth without moral consideration) and what each prioritizes (integrity/life vs. material luxury).
- Explaining the Argumentative Purpose (2 marks): Explain how this supports the central thesis (proving that the original heart is inherent, criticizing the loss of the original heart due to material lust, and reinforcing the call to 'choose righteousness over life').
- No marks for merely copying the text without explanation.

Question 7 · Argumentation / Image Contrast Analysis

4 marks

In 'Encouraging Learning', Xunzi contrasts the images of the 'earthworm' (蚯蚓) and the 'crab' (螃蟹). How does this contrast of images demonstrate the importance of 'concentration' (用心一也) in learning?

Answer

By contrasting the earthworm, which achieves success through single-minded concentration despite its weak body, with the crab, which fails to secure shelter due to its restless mind despite its strong body, Xunzi proves that focus, rather than innate talent, is the key to successful learning.

Worked solution

1. Contrasting Characteristics: The earthworm has weak physical conditions ('no sharp claws or teeth, no strong muscles and bones'), yet because it is single-minded ('用心一也'), it can eat soil and drink groundwater. Conversely, the crab has superior physical conditions ('eight legs and two pincers'), but because its mind is restless/divided ('用心躁也'), it cannot even find a secure shelter and must rely on the holes of snakes and eels. (2 marks)
2. Argumentative Logic: Through this contrast between a physically weak but focused creature and a physically strong but distracted creature, Xunzi logically argues that success in learning does not depend on innate talent or external advantages, but on persistent concentration and single-minded dedication. This vividly illustrates the abstract philosophical truth of 'concentration' (用心一) through concrete biological behaviors, making the argument highly persuasive. (2 marks)

Marking scheme

- Analyzing the Contrast (2 marks): Describe the earthworm's weak physical build but focused mind leading to success, compared with the crab's strong physical build but restless mind leading to failure.
- Explaining the Argumentative Purpose (2 marks): Connect this contrast to the core message that learning requires 'concentration' (用心一) rather than relying on innate talent, showcasing the rhetorical effect of making an abstract concept concrete.

Question 8 · Argumentation / Image Contrast Analysis

4 marks

In 'On the Six States', Su Xun contrasts 'the ancestors who founded the territory' with 'the descendants who ceded the land'. How does this contrast serve to strengthen his critique of the policy of 'bribing Qin with land' (以地事秦)? Explain with reference to the text.

Answer

Su Xun contrasts the ancestors' immense struggles to secure tiny plots of land with the descendants' casual disposal of vast territories like trash, generating strong indignation and exposing the absurdity and futility of yielding blood-bought land for temporary peace.

Worked solution

1. Content of the Contrast: Su Xun describes the ancestors' extreme hardships in acquiring land ('cleaving thorns and brambles, fighting wild beasts') to the point of 'gaining but an inch of territory after losing a father or son.' On the other hand, the descendants cede this precious land to Qin with extreme ease and disregard ('handing over cities to others as if they were throwing away grass' / '視之不甚惜，舉以予人，如棄草芥'), only to obtain 'one night of peaceful sleep.' (2 marks)
2. Argumentative Strength: By contrasting the heavy price paid by the ancestors with the casual, worthless disposal of land by the descendants, Su Xun highlights the descendants' extreme prodigality and lack of filial piety. This emotional and logical contrast exposes the absurdity and futility of the 'bribing Qin' policy (yielding land for temporary peace), thereby heightening the readers' indignation and strengthening the essay's core critique that 'bribing Qin only accelerates destruction.' (2 marks)

Marking scheme

- Explaining the Contrast (2 marks): Clearly point out the contrast: the ancestors' immense struggles and blood spilled to gain tiny plots of land vs. the descendants' casual disposal of large territories like rubbish.
- Analyzing the Rhetorical/Argumentative Effect (2 marks): Explain how this contrast arouses emotional condemnation of the descendants' foolishness and logically exposes the absurdity of appeasement (exchanging ancestral blood for temporary peace), thus reinforcing the central thesis.

Paper 1 Part B (閱讀能力考材)

Answer all questions based on the two unseen modern prose pieces and one classical prose piece provided in the reading material book.

17 Question · 54 marks

Question 1 · MCQ

2 marks

Read the following excerpt from 'Shuo Yuan' and answer the question.

Duke Ping of Jin asked Shi Kuang, 'I am seventy years old and wish to study, but I fear it is already too late.' Shi Kuang replied, 'Why not light a candle?' Duke Ping said, 'How can a minister joke with his ruler?'

What does Duke Ping's remark, 'How can a minister joke with his ruler', reflect about his mindset at that moment?

A.Feeling insecure about his advanced age, believing Shi Kuang was mocking his incompetence.
B.Misunderstanding Shi Kuang's metaphor of 'lighting a candle', thinking Shi Kuang was joking or teasing him.
C.Testing Shi Kuang's loyalty to see if he dared to offer direct advice.
D.Opposing ministers reading at night, viewing it as a neglect of duty.

Answer

Worked solution

Duke Ping expressed his desire to study but feared it was too late due to his age. Shi Kuang suggested 'lighting a candle'. Duke Ping interpreted this literally as lighting a lamp at night, and found it to be an absurd joke given the seriousness of the topic. He thus rebuked Shi Kuang for joking with his sovereign. This reflects that he misunderstood Shi Kuang's metaphor and thought he was teasing him. Therefore, the answer is B.

Marking scheme

Select the correct answer B to obtain 2 marks; other options receive 0 marks.

Question 2 · MCQ

2 marks

Following the previous excerpt, Shi Kuang explained: 'To love learning in old age is like the brightness of a lit candle. How does the brightness of a lit candle compare to walking in the dark?'

Which of the following best translates the meaning of '炳燭之明，孰與昧行乎' in the context?

A.How does walking with the illumination of a lit candle compare to groping forward in the dark?
B.Is a faint candlelight not more dangerous than running alone on a pitch-black road?
C.Since you hold a bright candle in your hand, why must you still walk blindly in the dark?
D.Although lighting a candle brings brightness, who can guarantee not getting lost in the dark?

Answer

Worked solution

'孰與' is a fixed classical Chinese structure for comparison, meaning 'compared with..., which is...'. '昧行' means walking in the dark. The entire sentence means: 'How does the brightness of a lit candle compare to walking in the dark?' Shi Kuang uses this to show that although learning in old age has limited light (like a candle), it is far better than not learning and groping in ignorance (walking in the dark). Thus, the answer is A.

Marking scheme

Select the correct answer A to obtain 2 marks; other options receive 0 marks.

Question 3 · MCQ

2 marks

Read the following excerpt from a modern prose piece:

'The dim, yellowish street lamp at the entrance of the alley is like a tired night watchman, swaying its faint light in the wind and rain, attempting to detain every hurried homecomer with its warm orange glow.'

Which of the following analyses of the writing techniques and effects in this passage is the most accurate?

A.It employs personification and simile to vividly portray the warmth and spiritual solace the street lamp brings to homecomers in the cold night rain.
B.It employs metonymy and contrast to highlight the tragic plight faced by marginalized urban groups on a stormy night.
C.It employs pun and parallelism to criticize the cold, hurried attitude of modern city dwellers who lack neighborly warmth.
D.It employs symbolism and hyperbole to imply that the homecomers have developed an inescapable attachment to the clamorous outer world.

Answer

Worked solution

The passage compares the 'street lamp' to 'a tired night watchman' (using 'like' as a simile) and endows it with human actions and emotions such as being 'tired' and 'attempting to detain... with warm orange glow' (personification). The 'warm orange glow' of the lamp swaying in the 'wind and rain' offers comfort to the 'hurried homecomers', representing warmth and solace. Thus, the answer is A.

Marking scheme

Select the correct answer A to obtain 2 marks; other options receive 0 marks.

Question 4 · MCQ

2 marks

Read the following classical excerpt and answer the question.

'When King Zhao of Chu lost his kingdom, the sheep-butcher Yue fled. When the King regained his kingdom, he prepared to reward his followers, including Yue. Yue said, "Your Majesty lost the kingdom, which was not my fault, so I did not choose to die for it. Your Majesty regained the kingdom, which was not my achievement, so I do not seek a reward for it." The King said, "Force it upon him!" Yue said, "When Your Majesty lost the kingdom, I lost my butcher shop. When Your Majesty regained the kingdom, I regained my shop. My livelihood has already been restored, so what reward is there to receive?"'

Which moral doctrine of Mencius in 'Fish I Want' is best exemplified by Yue's refusal of the reward?

A.The 'mind of shame and dislike' in refusing 'food handed out in contempt', preserving dignity and integrity even in poverty.
B.Not losing one's original mind to material desires, valuing righteousness (righteousness) over unearned material gains (life/benefits).
C.A gentleman should treat others with 'benevolence', preserving the rites of ruler-minister relationships and social order during chaotic times.
D.'Previously would rather die than accept, now accepts for the beauty of mansions', pointing out that people easily lose their original mind in wealth.

Answer

Worked solution

Yue believed that 'Your Majesty lost the kingdom, which was not my fault... Your Majesty regained the kingdom, which was not my achievement', and resolutely refused to receive rewards without merit. He valued personal virtue and righteousness over unearned rewards. This aligns with Mencius's advocacy in 'Fish I Want' to value righteousness over benefit, and not to lose one's 'original mind' due to material temptations (such as huge salaries of ten thousand zhong). Yue upheld his principles and was unmoved by unjustified gains. Therefore, the answer is B.

Marking scheme

Select the correct answer B to obtain 2 marks; other options receive 0 marks.

Question 5 · MCQ

2 marks

A modern essayist describes their experience climbing Lion Rock in Hong Kong:

'When I finally stood on the peak of this nameless hill, looking down at the dense reinforced concrete forest below, the wild wind blew away the chest tightness accumulated for days. At that moment, I was no longer a busy gear in the city, but merged with the mountain, the wind, and the drifting clouds, forgetting time and forgetting my own existence.'

Which state of mind or relationship between self and nature described by Liu Zongyuan in 'First Visit to West Mountain' is most similar to the author's state of mind in this passage?

A.'It was then that my travels truly began' — the awakening and reflection on past travels where one merely lingered in common landscapes.
B.'The mind becomes concentrated, the body released, secretly uniting with all things' — the state of 'selflessness' where self and nature merge, forgetting physical constraints and worldly sorrows.
C.'The soils of several prefectures lay beneath my seat' — the magnanimous and heroic spirit of looking down from a high position.
D.'Pouring wine to the brim, falling into drunken stupor' — drowning sorrows in wine, escaping political reality in a semi-conscious state.

Answer

Worked solution

The modern essayist describes 'I was no longer a busy gear in the city, but merged with the mountain, the wind, and the drifting clouds, forgetting time and forgetting my own existence'. This is an aesthetic experience of forgetting oneself and merging with nature. This is completely consistent with Liu Zongyuan's feeling of 'The mind becomes concentrated, the body released, secretly uniting with all things' after climbing the peak of West Mountain (meaning the spirit is concentrated, the physical form is liberated, and one unconsciously merges with the universe, reaching the ultimate state of self-transcendence). Thus, the answer is B.

Marking scheme

Select the correct answer B to obtain 2 marks; other options receive 0 marks.

Question 6 · Table Completion

4 marks

Based on Text 1 and Text 2, the two authors have different reflections on the disappearance of 'old city streets'. Complete the following contrast table: (i) Focus of Text 1: [ ] (2 marks); Emotional attitude of Text 1: Nostalgic and reluctant. (ii) Focus of Text 2: The inevitability of urban development; Emotional attitude of Text 2: [ ] (2 marks).

Answer

(i) 關注人與人之間的溫情、鄰里情誼的流失 / The loss of interpersonal warmth and neighborhood relationships. (ii) 抱持豁達、樂觀的面對態度，期盼城市新生的希望 / An open-minded and optimistic attitude, looking forward to the renewal of the city.

Worked solution

(i) The author of Text 1 focuses on the emotional level, pointing out that the demolition of old streets leads to the disappearance of deep neighborhood warmth and shared memories. Thus, answers related to the loss of warmth or community are correct. (ii) The author of Text 2 holds a more rational historical perspective, believing the loss of the old is an opportunity for urban renewal. The attitude is open-minded, so positive, open, or optimistic attitudes are correct.

Marking scheme

(i) Award 2 marks for mentioning 'the loss of interpersonal warmth/neighborhood relationships'; award 1 mark for merely mentioning 'demolition of old buildings'; 0 marks for irrelevant or incorrect answers. (ii) Award 2 marks for 'open-minded/optimistic/hopeful for renewal'; award 1 mark for 'reluctant acceptance'; 0 marks for irrelevant answers.

Question 7 · Contrast Tracking

4 marks

According to Text 3 (Classical Prose), Duke Jing and Yanzi contrast in their thinking and actions when dealing with the drought. Complete the following contrast table: (i) Duke Jing's reaction/action: [ ] (2 marks); Duke Jing's character traits: Superstitious, anxious, lacking pragmatic foresight. (ii) Yanzi's reaction/action: Believes deities are useless, advocates opening granaries and helping citizens; Yanzi's character traits: [ ] (2 marks).

Answer

(i) 迷信神明，企圖通過祭祀山神及河神來求雨以解決旱災 / Superstitious belief in deities, attempting to pray for rain by sacrificing to mountain and river gods. (ii) 理性務實、愛民如子（或具備治國智慧）/ Rational, pragmatic, and caring for the people (or possessing political wisdom).

Worked solution

(i) When facing natural disasters, Duke Jing failed to propose substantive social relief measures, instead superstitiously attempting to sacrifice to inanimate natural spirits (mountains, rivers), reflecting his anxiety and ignorance. (ii) Yanzi opposed the wasteful sacrifices and proposed concrete relief plans, demonstrating people-oriented rationality and governance wisdom.

Marking scheme

(i) Award 2 marks for 'sacrificing to mountain and river deities to pray for rain'; award 1 mark for merely 'praying to gods'; 0 marks for irrelevant answers. (ii) Award 2 marks for 'rational, pragmatic, and loving/caring for the people'; award 1 mark for 'smart/kind'; 0 marks for irrelevant answers.

Question 8 · Short Answer / Value Explanation

3 marks

In the first unseen modern prose, the author spends significant length describing the "chipped ceramic bowl." Analyze how the author uses this object to project his nostalgia and affection for his grandfather.

Answer

The chipped ceramic bowl serves as a vessel of warm family memories, a symbol of the regret of his grandfather's passing, and a token of emotional inheritance.

Worked solution

1. The chipped bowl carries the warm memories of the grandfather and the author dining together, establishing a concrete link to the past. 2. The 'chip' symbolizes the imperfections of life and the irreversible regret of his grandfather's departure. 3. The author's continued preservation and use of this bowl symbolises his emotional attachment and the continuation of his grandfather's spirit of simplicity in his own life.

Marking scheme

Award marks based on the following three levels of explanation (maximum 3 marks):
- Mentioning that the bowl represents memories of dining with his grandfather (1 mark);
- Explaining the symbolic meaning of the 'chip' (loss/regret of passing) (1 mark);
- Explaining the author's act of preservation/use as emotional inheritance and deep longing (1 mark).

Question 9 · Short Answer / Value Explanation

3 marks

In the second unseen modern prose, the protagonist gives up the bustling city life and chooses to return to his hometown to plant trees. What kind of life value does this choice reflect? Explain with reference to the text.

Answer

This choice reflects a value system that prioritizes inner peace, spiritual fulfillment, and harmony with nature over material wealth and social status.

Worked solution

1. It reflects a pursuit of spiritual peace and simplicity over material wealth, as he leaves the highly competitive city. 2. It demonstrates a belief in harmony with nature, finding purpose in nurturing trees and witnessing the slow, organic growth of life. 3. It shows a definition of self-worth based on long-term ecological contribution rather than immediate financial gain or urban social status.

Marking scheme

Award marks based on the depth of explanation (maximum 3 marks):
- Clearly state the core value (e.g., pursuing inner peace / rejecting materialism) (1 mark);
- Connect the value to the action of returning to the hometown (1 mark);
- Connect the value to the action of planting trees / nurturing nature (1 mark).

Question 10 · Short Answer / Value Explanation

3 marks

According to the unseen classical prose, why did Master Meng refuse the money presented by the local governor? Explain with reference to his words and actions.

Answer

Master Meng refused the money because he believed in maintaining his moral integrity, avoiding unmerited wealth, and keeping his reputation unsullied.

Worked solution

1. Master Meng believed that accepting money without performing any service or duty is unjust ('unearned wealth'), which violates his moral principles. 2. He valued his clean reputation and integrity over material wealth, fearing that accepting the governor's gift would make him look greedy. 3. His resolute refusal and plain living demonstrate his commitment to self-cultivation and remaining untainted by worldly temptations.

Marking scheme

Award marks based on the following criteria (maximum 3 marks):
- Identifying the moral principle of 'no reward without merit' / avoiding unearned wealth (1 mark);
- Explaining his concern for preserving his reputation and integrity (1 mark);
- Discussing his attitude of prioritizing righteousness/moral self-discipline over material temptation (1 mark).

Question 11 · Short Answer / Value Explanation

3 marks

Synthesizing the first and second unseen modern prose pieces, what common attitude do the "grandfather" in Text 1 and the "protagonist" in Text 2 demonstrate when facing the impact of modernization? Explain.

Answer

Both characters demonstrate a resilient attitude of "holding fast to one's original beliefs and refusing to blindly conform to modern utilitarianism."

Worked solution

1. Both share the common attitude of 'holding fast to their original beliefs and resisting modern utilitarianism.' 2. In Text 1, the grandfather insists on the traditional, slow craft of mending porcelain despite the cheapness and convenience of mass-produced modern plastic wares. 3. In Text 2, the protagonist willingly abandons a fast-paced, high-paying corporate life in the city to restore nature in his hometown. Both prioritize intrinsic spiritual and cultural values over modern efficiency and material gains.

Marking scheme

Award marks based on the following three components (maximum 3 marks):
- Generalizing the common attitude (e.g., preserving inner values/resisting modern conformity) (1 mark);
- Explaining how the grandfather in Text 1 embodies this attitude (insisting on old craft over mass production) (1 mark);
- Explaining how the protagonist in Text 2 embodies this attitude (abandoning urban career for organic growth) (1 mark).

Question 12 · essay

4 marks

In Modern Prose (1), the author states that "only by guarding the backyard of one's soul amidst the clamor of fame and fortune can one maintain the dignity of character." How does this resonate with Mencius's concept of "not losing one's original mind" (不失其本心) in "Fish I Want"? Analyze with reference to both texts.

Answer

Both emphasize that when facing material temptations, one must hold onto their inner moral bottom line and authentic self. Guarding the backyard of one's soul in Prose (1) means maintaining inner peace and personal dignity free from worldly utility; while Mencius's "not losing one's original mind" means adhering to the innate sense of shame and choosing righteousness over life, rather than accepting things against propriety for high offices and rich emoluments. Both prioritize the purity of spiritual values over external fame and wealth.

Worked solution

1. Explain the meaning of "guarding the backyard of one's soul" in Prose (1): keeping one's true self and independent dignity in a materialistic and clamorous world (1 mark).
2. Explain Mencius's "not losing one's original mind" in "Fish I Want": adhering to one's innate sense of shame, benevolence, and righteousness, without being swayed by wealth or life-and-death situations (1 mark).
3. Analyze the commonality: Both advocate that when facing external temptations (fame, fortune, material wealth), one must prioritize inner spiritual integrity and dignity (1 mark); both refuse to let external material gains distort or enslave the self, demonstrating an insistence on spiritual autonomy and moral agency (1 mark).

Marking scheme

- Accurately analyze Prose (1)'s "guarding the backyard of one's soul" (1 mark).
- Accurately analyze Mencius's "not losing one's original mind" (1 mark).
- Explain the commonalities between the two (refusing to be enslaved by fame/wealth, maintaining inner dignity) (2 marks).
- Note: If candidate only lists the content of the two texts without comparative analysis, a maximum of 2 marks will be awarded.

Question 13 · essay

4 marks

In Classical Prose (3), during the "tassel-breaking banquet," King Zhuang of Chu ordered all officials to break off their tassels and refused to investigate who harassed his consort. From the perspective of "Junzi" (exemplary person) in The Analects, how does King Zhuang's action demonstrate the character of a Junzi? Analyze with reference to the text and Confucian thoughts.

Answer

King Zhuang's actions embody the Junzi qualities of "magnanimity toward others" and "helping others to realize what is good." He empathized with his subordinate's drunken mistake and refrained from punishing a meritorious officer for private grievances or love. This not only demonstrated the self-restraint of a Junzi, but also won the loyalty of his subjects, showing how benevolence wins the multitude.

Worked solution

1. Point out the Junzi trait of "magnanimity/benevolence": A Junzi is forgiving, empathetic, and seeks to help others improve (1 mark).
2. Analyze King Zhuang's behavior: During the banquet, when a subordinate committed a drunken faux pas (harassing his consort), King Zhuang did not rage but ordered everyone to break their tassels, saving the subordinate's face and life (1 mark).
3. Relate to the Confucian concept of "Junzi": This embodies the spirit of "The Junzi helps others to realize what is good" or "Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you" in The Analects. King Zhuang restrained his personal anger and showed empathy, winning others over by virtue (2 marks).

Marking scheme

- Propose the traits of a Junzi (e.g., magnanimity, benevolence, self-restraint) (1 mark).
- Combine with the specific plot in Classical Prose (3) where King Zhuang forgave the subordinate at the "tassel-breaking banquet" (1 mark).
- Discuss how this action aligns with the Confucian ideals of a Junzi, such as "helping others realize what is good," "self-restraint," or "winning the multitude through magnanimity" (2 marks).
- Deductions may be made for poor phrasing or misunderstandings.

Question 14 · essay

4 marks

Modern Prose (1) advocates that "leaving blank spaces in life amidst busyness is the only way to reclaim the subjectivity of life," whereas Ah Keung, the protagonist in Modern Prose (2), believes that "to live is to run non-stop; pausing is a waste of life." Which life attitude do you agree with more? Discuss with reference to daily life.

Answer

I agree more with the attitude of "leaving blank spaces." In today's fast-paced society, people often run blindly like Ah Keung, losing their true selves. Leaving blank spaces is not laziness, but a way to settle the soul, see directions clearly, and recharge. For instance, appropriate rest and solitude outside of academic study allow us to go further and live with greater purpose.

Worked solution

Candidates can choose either side, provided they support their view with solid arguments, referencing both texts and daily life.
If agreeing with "leaving blank spaces":
- Explain why "blank spaces" are important for life's subjectivity: Pausing allows reflection on the meaning of life rather than being enslaved by external goals (1 mark).
- Contrast with the drawback of "running non-stop": Blindly running drains the soul, leading to emptiness (1 mark).
- Connect with daily life: e.g., in academic life, studying without pausing for reflection leads to low efficiency; leaving blank spaces fosters creativity and allows one to appreciate life's beauty (2 marks).
If agreeing with "running non-stop":
- Explain why "running" manifests life's value: Life is limited, and only through active striving can one realize oneself and make the most of youth (1 mark).
- Contrast with the negative aspect of "blank spaces": Too much blank space may degenerate into escapism or passivity (1 mark).
- Connect with daily life: e.g., young people should make every effort in their studies and careers while they are energetic; overcoming obstacles and achieving goals brings a sense of fulfillment and social recognition (2 marks).

Marking scheme

- Clearly state the stance (agreeing with "blank spaces" or "running non-stop") (0 marks, but serves as the basis of the essay).
- Combine with Prose (1) or (2) to reasonably explain the positive significance of the chosen attitude (1 mark).
- Comparatively analyze the limitations of the alternative attitude (1 mark).
- Integrate with daily life to concretely demonstrate the feasibility and value of the chosen attitude (2 marks).
- Candidates who only elaborate on one aspect without comparison or daily-life connection will receive a maximum of 2 marks.

Question 15 · essay

4 marks

In Modern Prose (2), the father quietly gives up his painting dream for his family and willingly works as an ordinary blue-collar worker; in Classical Prose (3), the minister Ji Liang speaks out frankly to the king despite personal danger during a national crisis. Both demonstrate a spirit of "responsibility-bearing." Which kind of responsibility do you find more commendable? Discuss your view.

Answer

I find the father's "quiet sacrifice" more commendable. Admonishing the king is risky but carries heroic glory and historical acclaim; conversely, the father's sacrifice is silent, repetitive, and anonymous. He faces the pain of shattered dreams and daily burdens without seeking reward or fame. This thorough self-sacrifice out of love in mundane life requires far greater inner strength and enduring resilience.

Worked solution

If arguing that "the father's quiet sacrifice" is more commendable:
- Analyze the traits of the father's responsibility: long-term, routine, silent, and anonymous (1 mark).
- Contrast with Ji Liang's responsibility: Although dangerous, it carries heroic weight, which often wins moral satisfaction and historical acclaim (1 mark).
- Argue why it is commendable: Erasing one's dream day after day and embracing mediocrity for the family requires a deeper love and immense psychological resilience, without any expectation of public reward (2 marks).
If arguing that "Ji Liang's frank admonition" is more commendable:
- Analyze the traits of Ji Liang's responsibility: facing absolute power and the test of life and death, requiring immense courage and wisdom (1 mark).
- Contrast with the father's responsibility: It falls within the private domain of family duty, which, despite sacrifice, rarely involves immediate threats to life (1 mark).
- Argue why it is commendable: Under autocratic rule, frank admonitions could bring ruin to one's entire family. Ji Liang cast aside personal and family survival for the state and people, demonstrating a grand righteousness and courage that transcends the small self (2 marks).

Marking scheme

- Clearly state the stance (1 mark).
- Accurately analyze the nature and differences between the two types of "responsibility" based on both texts (1 mark).
- Thoroughly argue why the chosen stance is "more commendable" (e.g., in terms of the cost of sacrifice, motivation, impact) (2 marks).
- Deductions may be made for insufficient comparison or straying from the topic.

Question 16 · essay

4 marks

In Modern Prose (1), the author laments that "people are often bound by labels bestowed by society (such as positions, fame, social status), thereby losing their true selves." What is the philosophical connection between this and Zhuangzi's advocacy of "no-self, no-merit, no-fame" (無己、無功、無名) in Carefree Journey? Elaborate with reference to both texts.

Answer

The two closely align philosophically, as both believe that external fame and societal labels are shackles that bind the soul, and only by discarding these can one achieve spiritual freedom. Prose (1) points out how social labels alienate the self; Zhuangzi's "no-self, no-merit, no-fame" acts as the perfect remedy. It advocates not clinging to subjective prejudices (no-self), not pursuing worldly achievements (no-merit), and not seeking social reputation (no-fame), thereby achieving the ultimate state of "carefree ease."

Worked solution

1. Explain the core view of Prose (1): Social labels, fame, and fortune are external constraints that distort the soul and cause the loss of subjectivity in order to conform to societal expectations (1 mark).
2. Explain the philosophy of "no-self, no-merit, no-fame" in Zhuangzi's Carefree Journey: "No-self" means discarding selfish biases; "No-merit" means not pursuing worldly achievements; "No-fame" means not seeking illusionary social reputation (1 mark).
3. Elaborate on the philosophical connection: The "constraint of labels" in Prose (1) is precisely the "merit" and "fame" that Zhuangzi seeks to dismantle. Both oppose "the mind being enslaved by external things" and advocate returning to the authenticity of life to achieve spiritual transcendence and liberation (2 marks).

Marking scheme

- Explain Prose (1)'s view on how social labels restrict the self (1 mark).
- Accurately explain the meaning of Zhuangzi's "no-self, no-merit, no-fame" (1 mark).
- Deeply discuss the inner philosophical connection between the two regarding "opposing the mind's enslavement by external things" and "pursuing spiritual freedom and the true self" (2 marks).
- If candidate only introduces the two texts side-by-side without explaining the "inner connection," a maximum of 2 marks will be awarded.

Question 17 · essay

4 marks

In Classical Prose (3), during a crisis, Zi Lu insisted that "a Junzi dies with his cap on" (君子死，冠不免). He was killed by enemy soldiers while tying his cap tassel. Some criticize Zi Lu as "foolishly clinging to rituals," while others praise him for "resolutely defending his dignity with righteous courage." Based on the Confucian views on "Ritual" (禮) and "Righteousness" (義), which evaluation do you agree with? Analyze your stance.

Answer

I agree with "resolutely defending his dignity with righteous courage." From a Confucian perspective, "Ritual" is the manifestation of inner dignity and moral order. At the verge of death, Zi Lu chose to tie his tassel to practice "Ritual" with his life, prioritizing moral dignity over physical life. This embodies Confucius's ideal of "sacrificing life for benevolence and righteousness," demonstrating an ultimate adherence to faith rather than foolishness.

Worked solution

If agreeing with "resolutely defending his dignity with righteous courage" (positive evaluation):
- Explain the deep Confucian meaning of "Ritual": Ritual is the defense for personal dignity. Zi Lu's action of straightening his cap was a refusal to submit to chaos and humiliation, maintaining the final decency of a Junzi (1 mark).
- Connect with the value of "Righteousness": Confucianism advocates prioritizing righteousness. When life conflicts with moral dignity, one should sacrifice life for righteousness, exhibiting a noble spirit of refusing to live in disgrace (1 mark).
- Conclusion: This is the ultimate practice of faith and moral values, possessing the beauty of a tragic hero (2 marks).
If agreeing with "foolishly clinging to rituals" (negative evaluation):
- Explain the Confucian concept of "flexibility/expediency" (權變): Although Confucianism values ritual, it also stresses adaptability. In life-and-death situations, one should preserve life to serve the state later, rather than dying for a cap (1 mark).
- Connect with the reasonable application of "Righteousness": Righteousness means appropriateness. In war, preserving one's life to accomplish greater tasks is the grand righteousness; dying merely to tie a tassel represents petty courage (1 mark).
- Conclusion: Zi Lu failed to distinguish between the essential and the trivial, prioritizing external ritual forms over life, showing a lack of adaptability (2 marks).

Marking scheme

- Clearly state the stance (0 marks, but serves as the basis of the essay).
- Accurately apply Confucian philosophical concepts of "Ritual" and "Righteousness" (such as "sacrificing life for righteousness," "dying to achieve benevolence," or the Confucian view of "expediency/flexibility") (2 marks).
- Make a reasonable analysis in relation to Zi Lu's specific situation facing death (2 marks).
- If the discussion is superficial or fails to closely connect with Confucian thought, a maximum of 2 marks will be awarded.

Paper 3 Part A (聆聽理解)

Listen carefully to the discussion between the teacher and students, and answer questions 1 to 15 on online gaming and reality views.

15 Question · 17 marks

Question 1 · Table Matching

3 marks

Based on the discussion among the students, match each of the following three views with the correct speaker (Yat-sum, Ka-ho, or Lai-wah). View (1): Online games serve as a safe space for exploring self-identity. View (2): The instant reward system in games easily makes people lose patience when facing real-world setbacks. View (3): The impact of online games is not absolute, but depends on the player's ability to distinguish virtuality from reality.

Answer

(1) Yat-sum / 一心; (2) Ka-ho / 家豪; (3) Lai-wah / 麗華

Worked solution

According to the listening script: (1) Yat-sum points out that playing games allows people to try different roles safely, helping them understand who they want to be in reality. (2) Ka-ho mentions that games provide instant gratification, whereas real life requires long-term effort without immediate results, which makes players impatient with real-world setbacks. (3) Lai-wah emphasizes that games are just media and whether they distort reality depends entirely on the player's cognitive and self-regulatory abilities to distinguish the virtual world from the real one.

Marking scheme

1 mark for each correct match. Maximum 3 marks. Match (1) to Yat-sum (1 mark); Match (2) to Ka-ho (1 mark); Match (3) to Lai-wah (1 mark). No marks will be awarded for incorrect matches or selecting multiple speakers for a single view.

Question 2 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

What is the primary purpose of the teacher's opening remarks?

A.To criticize students' indulgence in online gaming.
B.To introduce the discussion topic and set the direction.
C.To explain the psychological mechanisms of gaming addiction.
D.To compare the differences between traditional and online games.

Answer

Worked solution

The teacher opens the discussion by defining the topic of 'online gaming and reality views' and highlighting the purpose of the discussion, which is to explore different perspectives rather than condemn gaming outright. Therefore, option B is correct.

Marking scheme

1 mark for the correct option (B). 0 marks for incorrect options.

Question 3 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

According to Ka Ho, how does online gaming affect a player's real-life psychological state?

A.It provides a sense of accomplishment to compensate for frustrations in reality.
B.It completely distorts their moral judgment in real-world scenarios.
C.It helps them build highly reliable and deep offline friendships.
D.It reduces their willingness to communicate with family members.

Answer

Worked solution

Ka Ho explains that when students experience academic setbacks or lack support in real life, the progress and awards in games offer a compensatory sense of accomplishment. Therefore, option A is correct.

Marking scheme

1 mark for the correct option (A). 0 marks for incorrect options.

Question 4 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

Why does Yan Ting express skepticism about 'virtual friendships' in online games?

A.She believes most online players hide their true identities to deceive others.
B.She argues these relationships are mostly built on in-game utility and lack stability.
C.She thinks that text-based communication cannot convey genuine human warmth.
D.She claims that game developers intentionally restrict social features.

Answer

Worked solution

Yan Ting argues that virtual relationships in games are often based on in-game utility (such as teaming up for tasks or trading items) and are highly unstable once players stop playing that specific game. Hence, option B is correct.

Marking scheme

1 mark for the correct option (B). 0 marks for incorrect options.

Question 5 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

Ka Ho mentions the example of 'professional esports players'. What is his main purpose?

A.To encourage his classmates to pursue esports as a career.
B.To prove that gaming requires higher cognitive skills than traditional academic study.
C.To show that virtual achievement can be transformed into real-world career success.
D.To suggest that schools should include gaming in the official curriculum.

Answer

Worked solution

Ka Ho uses the success of professional esports players to show that success in the virtual realm is no longer just 'empty' but can be converted into legitimate real-world careers and economic success, supporting his view that virtual achievements are valuable. Thus, option C is correct.

Marking scheme

1 mark for the correct option (C). 0 marks for incorrect options.

Question 6 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

Yan Ting uses the metaphor of 'drinking poison to quench thirst' (飲鴆止渴). What issue is she referring to?

A.Relying on temporary virtual praise to escape low self-esteem in reality.
B.Spending a large amount of money on microtransactions to win games.
C.Sacrificing sleep and physical health to maintain high game rankings.
D.Joining online communities to seek protection from cyberbullying.

Answer

Worked solution

Yan Ting points out that relying on virtual praise in games to escape real-life academic anxiety is like 'drinking poison to quench thirst'—it provides temporary relief but ultimately worsens the real issue of low self-esteem and academic neglect. Option A is correct.

Marking scheme

1 mark for the correct option (A). 0 marks for incorrect options.

Question 7 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

Which of the following best describes the teacher's stance throughout the discussion?

A.Firmly opposing Ka Ho's view and advocating for strict gaming restrictions.
B.Remaining neutral, summarizing key points, and guiding students to think critically.
C.Fully agreeing with Yan Ting's perspective and warning against virtual reality.
D.Indifferent to the topic, merely fulfilling the role of a discussion moderator.

Answer

Worked solution

The teacher does not take a side but rather summarizes both Ka Ho's and Yan Ting's arguments, guiding them to explore the deep shift in how youth perceive reality. This shows a neutral, objective, and analytical stance. Option B is correct.

Marking scheme

1 mark for the correct option (B). 0 marks for incorrect options.

Question 8 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

According to the dialogue, what shift in 'reality views' has occurred among the younger generation?

A.They no longer value any material possessions in the physical world.
B.They view digital interaction and virtual identity as integral parts of their reality.
C.They believe that science and technology can completely replace nature.
D.They place their entire hope for the future on virtual space exploration.

Answer

Worked solution

The teacher states that the younger generation no longer separates the virtual world from the physical world; instead, they integrate their online interactions and digital identities as an extension of their actual reality. Option B is correct.

Marking scheme

1 mark for the correct option (B). 0 marks for incorrect options.

Question 9 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

What does Ka Ho imply by saying, 'The codes of the game are virtual, but the emotional bonds are real'?

A.Virtual characters are more capable of expressing empathy than real humans.
B.The emotions and connections experienced in gaming are genuine human experiences.
C.Game programming is driven by emotional algorithms that control players.
D.Virtual connections will eventually replace physical social interactions.

Answer

Worked solution

Ka Ho argues that although the medium (the game code) is computer-generated, the feelings of companionship, teamwork, and joy experienced by the players are genuinely felt human emotions. Option B is correct.

Marking scheme

1 mark for the correct option (B). 0 marks for incorrect options.

Question 10 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

What is the core disagreement between Ka Ho and Yan Ting regarding online gaming?

A.Whether the visual quality of modern games is superior to classic ones.
B.Whether virtual achievements have authentic value for personal growth.
C.Whether governments should implement age restrictions on online games.
D.Whether gaming causes long-term neurological damage to teenagers.

Answer

Worked solution

The main debate lies in whether achievements and social experiences gained in a virtual world carry genuine, valuable weight for a person's life and personal development. Ka Ho says yes, while Yan Ting believes they are empty escapes. Option B is correct.

Marking scheme

1 mark for the correct option (B). 0 marks for incorrect options.

Question 11 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

In the teacher's concluding remarks, what advice is offered to the students?

A.To abandon online games completely before the college entrance examinations.
B.To master the boundary between the virtual and reality, and enrich real life through reflection.
C.To actively develop game programming skills to prepare for future careers.
D.To participate in school-organized outdoor activities to reduce screen time.

Answer

Worked solution

In the conclusion, the teacher advises students to carefully balance the boundary between virtual experience and real life, and to reflect on their gaming experiences to enrich, rather than replace, their physical existence. Option B is correct.

Marking scheme

1 mark for the correct option (B). 0 marks for incorrect options.

Question 12 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

Based on the recording, what does Ka-ho believe is the primary reason why some teenagers apply 'game survival rules' to real-life social interactions?

A.The physical detachment in virtual networks reduces their empathy in real-world communication.
B.Games simplify complex interpersonal relationships, making users prefer direct, binary interactions over real-world grey areas.
C.Real-life academic pressure and family conflicts force them to seek virtual emotional support.
D.They are deeply influenced by the violent narratives within online games, leading to anti-social behaviors.

Answer

Worked solution

In the recording, Ka-ho explicitly discusses that games construct a highly simplified social structure (where relationships are either allies or enemies). He contrasts this with real-world social environments, explaining that teenagers prefer this simplified dichotomy, which leads to them applying these game rules to reality. Therefore, B is the correct answer.

Marking scheme

1 mark for choosing the correct option B. 0 marks for any other options.

Question 13 · Multiple Choice

1 marks

According to the listening material, what is Miss Chan's attitude and suggestion regarding the integration of 'gamification' (gamified elements) into classroom teaching?

A.She fully supports it and suggests replacing traditional exams with online game-based assessments.
B.She holds reservations, suggesting that games should only be used to spark initial interest, while deeper cognitive learning must still rely on traditional reflection.
C.She strongly opposes it, asserting that game mechanics inherently undermine students' focus and logical thinking capacity.
D.She remains completely neutral, advising schools to let students decide whether to adopt gamified platforms based on their own self-discipline.

Answer

Worked solution

In the discussion, Miss Chan acknowledges that gamification can capture students' attention initially, but she warns that over-reliance on external rewards (points, levels) can distract from deep learning. She suggests using gamification only as a gateway to spark interest, meaning she holds reservations and stresses the importance of traditional reflection. Thus, B is correct.

Marking scheme

1 mark for choosing the correct option B. 0 marks for any other options.

Question 14 · True or False

1 marks

According to the recording, Chris believes that virtual socializing in online games can completely replace real-life interpersonal interaction. Is this statement Correct, Incorrect, or Not Mentioned?

Answer

錯誤

Worked solution

Chris clearly states in the recording that although online games provide a convenient communication platform, they lack the eye contact and warm companionship of real-life socializing, and therefore cannot completely replace real-life interaction. Thus, the statement is incorrect.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for selecting 'Incorrect'. 0 marks for other options.

Question 15 · True or False

1 marks

According to the recording, Mr. Cheung believes that teenagers' long-term indulgence in online role-playing games can easily blur the boundary between reality and virtuality, leading to cognitive bias. Is this statement Correct, Incorrect, or Not Mentioned?

Answer

正確

Worked solution

In his speech, Mr. Cheung points out that if teenagers are indulged in virtual role-playing for a long time, they tend to carry game mechanisms (such as infinite resurrection or solving conflicts with violence) into real life, blurring the boundary between reality and virtuality, causing cognitive bias. Thus, the statement is correct.

Marking scheme

Award 1 mark for selecting 'Correct'. 0 marks for other options.

Paper 3 Part B (綜合能力)

Based on the listening audio and reading materials, write a formal speech as student representative He Tianying on the theme 'Walking towards a Better Life'. Recommend two life orientations and justify one summer activity.

1 Question · 50 marks

Question 1 · Integrated Applied Writing (Speech)

50 marks

Context:
You are He Tianying, President of the Student Association of Xianggang Secondary School. The school is organizing a campaign titled 'Walking towards a Better Life'. You are invited to deliver a speech at the morning assembly to all senior secondary students.

Based on the listening draft and reading materials provided below, write a speech to:
1. Recommend and elaborate on two life orientations (Accepting setbacks with resilience, and Pursuing inner/spiritual richness over materialism).
2. Select and justify one of the two proposed summer activities (Activity A: 'Green Farming Experience' OR Activity B: 'Elderly Care and Community Service Project') that best meets the developmental needs of modern students.

---
[Reading Material 1: Life Orientations]
- Orientation 1: Resilience in Adversity. Facing academic pressure with optimism, seeing setbacks as opportunities for growth.
- Orientation 2: Inner Richness. Overcoming the trend of materialism and peer comparison, focusing on personal values and simple living.

[Reading Material 2: Proposed Summer Activities]
- Activity A: 'Green Farming Experience'. Location: Organic Farm in New Territories. Activities: Soil cultivation, sowing, harvesting, and experiencing simplified, eco-friendly living.
- Activity B: 'Elderly Care and Community Service Project'. Location: Local District Elderly Centers. Activities: Home visits, organizing recreational activities, and recording the life stories of singleton elderly.

[Listening Summary: Teacher-Student Dialogue]
- Teacher: He Tianying, remember that as a student representative, your speech must be encouraging and highly relevant to senior students' lives (e.g., DSE stress, peer comparison).
- Student: Yes, Mr. Wong. I will structure the speech formally, starting with proper greetings to the Principal, teachers, and students, and ending with an inspiring call to action and a polite sign-off.

Answer

The student is expected to write a formal speech of around 600-800 characters, incorporating proper speech formatting, successfully expanding on the two life orientations, choosing and fully justifying one summer activity, and demonstrating strong contextual awareness.

Worked solution

### Model Essay Outline:

**Title:** Walking towards a Better Life (走向美好生活)

**1. Greeting & Contextual Awareness (approx. 80-100 words)**
- Address the Principal, teachers, and schoolmates.
- State the purpose of the speech and introduce the theme: "Walking towards a Better Life".

**2. Integration & Expansion (approx. 250-300 words)**
- **Orientation 1 (Resilience in Adversity):** Discuss the severe academic and DSE stress faced by senior students. Elaborate on how viewing failures as lessons rather than dead-ends fosters emotional resilience and leads to a healthier, happier life.
- **Orientation 2 (Inner Richness & Simplicity):** Address the modern issue of peer comparison (social media envy, expensive gadgets). Explain how pursuing personal passions, reading, and simple living can bring genuine, lasting inner peace.

**3. Views & Justification (approx. 200-250 words)**
- *Option Selected: Activity B (Elderly Care and Community Service Project)* (Note: Students can choose either A or B, but must justify logically).
- **Argument 1 (Fostering Empathy & Gratitude):** Interacting with the elderly allows students to understand different life stages, step out of their academic bubble, and develop deep gratitude for their own lives.
- **Argument 2 (Personal Growth through Social Connection):** Recording life stories improves communication skills, patience, and instills a sense of social responsibility, which is crucial for holistic character development.

**4. Conclusion & Call to Action (approx. 50 words)**
- Summarize the main points, encourage peers to embrace these life values, and end with a polite closing ("Thank you everyone").

Marking scheme

Total Marks: 50

1. Contextual Awareness (語境意識) (10 Marks):
- Correct speech format: Proper salutation (Principal, teachers, students), self-introduction, clear speech objective, and polite closing.
- Appropriate tone: Encouraging, respectful, yet relatable to peers.

2. Integration and Expansion (整合拓展) (16 Marks):
- **Orientation 1 (8 Marks):** Successfully identified 'Resilience' and linked it to Senior Secondary students' academic/exam pressure. (Up to 4 marks for listening/reading integration, 4 marks for depth of elaboration).
- **Orientation 2 (8 Marks):** Successfully identified 'Inner Richness' and linked it to resolving materialism/peer comparison. (Up to 4 marks for integration, 4 marks for depth of elaboration).

3. Views and Justification (見解論證) (14 Marks):
- Clear stance on choosing either Activity A or Activity B (2 Marks).
- Provide two distinct, well-argued reasons linking the chosen activity to 'Better Life' and student needs (12 Marks - 6 marks per argument).

4. Structure and Expression (表達妥貼) (10 Marks):
- Logical flow, smooth transitions between paragraphs, precise vocabulary, and correct grammar.