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AP Environmental Science
9 sections available · 50 chapters available
Free AP Environmental Science study notes for AP (Advanced Placement) students. Each chapter covers a key topic with examples and practice prompts you can continue inside the thinka app.
Unit 1: The Living World: Ecosystems
Ecosystems, Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes
The Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles
The Phosphorus and Hydrologic (Water) Cycles
Primary Productivity and Trophic Levels
Energy Flow, the 10% Rule, Food Chains and Food Webs
Unit 2: The Living World: Biodiversity
Introduction to Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Island Biogeography and Ecological Tolerance
Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems
Adaptations and Ecological Succession
Unit 3: Populations
Generalist, Specialist, K-Selected and r-Selected Species
Survivorship Curves and Carrying Capacity
Population Growth and Resource Availability
Age Structure Diagrams and Total Fertility Rate
Human Population Dynamics and the Demographic Transition
Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources
Plate Tectonics
Soil Formation, Erosion, Composition and Properties
Earth's Atmosphere and Global Wind Patterns
Watersheds
Solar Radiation, Earth's Seasons, Geography and Climate
El Nino and La Nina
Unit 5: Land and Water Use
The Tragedy of the Commons and Clearcutting
The Green Revolution and Impacts of Agricultural Practices
Irrigation Methods and Pest Control Methods
Meat Production, Overfishing and Aquaculture
Impacts of Mining and Urbanization
Ecological Footprints and Introduction to Sustainability
Sustainable Land Use: Urban Runoff, IPM, Agriculture and Forestry
Unit 6: Energy Resources and Consumption
Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources; Global Energy Consumption
Fuel Types, Uses and Distribution of Natural Energy Resources
Fossil Fuels
Nuclear Power and Energy from Biomass
Solar, Hydroelectric, Geothermal, Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Wind Energy
Energy Conservation
Unit 7: Atmospheric Pollution
Introduction to Air Pollution
Photochemical Smog and Thermal Inversion
Atmospheric CO2, Particulates and Indoor Air Pollutants
Reduction of Air Pollutants
Acid Rain and Noise Pollution
Unit 8: Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
Sources of Pollution and Human Impacts on Ecosystems
Endocrine Disruptors and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves
Eutrophication and Thermal Pollution
Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
Solid Waste Disposal, Waste Reduction and Sewage Treatment
LD50, Dose Response Curves, Pollution and Human Health
Unit 9: Global Change
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Reducing Ozone Depletion
The Greenhouse Effect and Increases in Greenhouse Gases
Global Climate Change
Ocean Warming and Ocean Acidification
Invasive Species, Endangered Species and Human Impacts on Biodiversity
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