1G Challenge and transformation: Britain, c1851–1964：練習問題

• a.

  It resulted in the immediate emergence of the Labour Party as the primary opposition to the Conservatives in Parliament.

• b.

  It established universal suffrage for all men over the age of 21 regardless of property ownership or residency.

• c.

  It led to the development of sophisticated national party organizations, such as the Conservative Central Office and the National Liberal Federation.

• d.

  It disenfranchised the landed gentry in the southern counties in favor of northern urban industrial capitalists.

• a.

  It introduced a system of proportional representation to ensure the fair representation of the emerging Labour Party.

• b.

  It granted universal and equal suffrage to both men and women over the age of 21 for the first time in British history.

• c.

  It removed the constitutional right of the House of Lords to veto any legislation related to electoral boundaries and polling.

• d.

  It abolished most property qualifications for men over 21 and granted the vote to women over 30 who met specific property criteria.

• a.

  The permanent continuation of wartime rationing to ensure economic equality during the transition to a peacetime economy.

• b.

  The decentralization of the British government to grant legislative autonomy to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

• c.

  The elimination of the 'Five Giant Evils' of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness through a comprehensive system of social insurance.

• d.

  The immediate nationalization of all heavy industries, including coal, steel, and the railways, to achieve full employment.

• a.

  The belief that the state should intervene to provide a 'social minimum' and protect individuals from the hazards of the free market, such as old age and sickness.

• b.

  The policy of complete isolationism in foreign affairs to focus on domestic industrial protectionism through high tariffs.

• c.

  The rejection of state-funded education in favor of individual self-help and voluntary charitable organizations.

• d.

  The insistence on maintaining a permanent budget surplus by avoiding all forms of direct taxation on personal income.

• a.

  Regulate the influx of immigrants from the New Commonwealth to control urban population density and housing costs.

• b.

  Manage the economy by alternating between raising interest rates to curb inflation and lowering them to stimulate growth.

• c.

  Nationalize the coal industry while simultaneously privatizing the steel industry to balance the national budget.

• d.

  Shift the workforce from traditional staple industries to the service sector through mandatory vocational training programs.

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