Necessity defences: self-defence, duress, duress of circumstances：練習問題

In the context of non-fatal offences against the person, which section of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 covers wounding or causing grievous bodily harm with the specific intent to cause such harm?

In criminal law, the principle of correspondence suggests that:

Which of the following best describes the requirement for the defence of duress by threats to succeed in English criminal law?

In the context of the general elements of criminal liability, which of the following is defined as a crime where no mens rea is required for at least one part of the actus reus?

A defendant (D) intends to kill X. D shoots at X, but the bullet misses, bounces off a wall, and kills Y. D is charged with the murder of Y. This is an application of which legal principle?

Define the term battery as a non-fatal offence against the person.

What distinguishes Section 18 from Section 20 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 regarding the defendant's state of mind?

Under the Criminal Attempts Act 1981, what is the actus reus requirement for a preliminary offence of attempt?

Define the actus reus of theft as set out in section 1 of the Theft Act 1968. In your answer, specifically explain the following two elements:
(a) The meaning of 'appropriation' under section 3.
(b) The meaning of 'property' under section 4.

Explain the requirements for a successful plea of diminished responsibility as a partial defence to murder under section 2 of the Homicide Act 1957 (as amended). Your answer must address:
(a) The requirement for an 'abnormality of mental functioning'.
(b) The need for a recognized medical condition.
(c) The extent to which the defendant's ability must be impaired.