Animal studies and explanations of attachment：練習問題

• a.

  The infant refuses to explore the environment even when the caregiver is present in the room.

• b.

  The infant shows little reaction when the caregiver leaves and ignores them upon their return.

• c.

  The infant shows extreme distress when the caregiver leaves and resists comfort when they return.

• d.

  The infant is distressed when the caregiver leaves but is easily soothed during the reunion phase.

• a.

  By acting as a model for the infant to imitate social behaviors through observation.

• b.

  By punishing the infant's crying until the infant learns to remain quiet.

• c.

  By being associated with the reduction of the primary drive of hunger.

• d.

  By providing innate social releasers that the infant naturally responds to.

• a.

  It provides a physical map of the environment that the child uses to explore safely.

• b.

  It is a conscious set of rules that children memorize to interact with their peers.

• c.

  It determines the biological temperament of the child, which remains fixed regardless of environment.

• d.

  It acts as a mental template for future relationships based on the infant's primary attachment experience.

• a.

  To signal the end of the critical period for attachment formation.

• b.

  To activate the adult attachment system and ensure survival through proximity.

• c.

  To provide a mechanism for the infant to learn language through imitation.

• d.

  To allow the infant to develop a sense of independence from the primary caregiver.

• a.

  Goslings only imprint on biological mothers due to innate genetic recognition.

• b.

  Imprinting must occur within a specific window of time, or the young birds will not attach to a mother figure.

• c.

  The process of attachment is purely learned through the provision of food (cupboard love).

• d.

  Attachment is a reversible process that can be changed later in the gosling's life.

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