The musculoskeletal system：練習問題

In the provided diagram of the elbow joint, which bone is represented by the label A?

In a synovial joint, what is the specific function of the bursae?

In the musculoskeletal system, which structure is responsible for attaching muscle to bone to allow the skeleton to act as a framework for movement?

Which term describes the movement of pointing the toes downwards at the ankle joint, as seen in a gymnast on tip-toes?

During the upward phase of a squat, the quadriceps group is shortening under tension to create movement. What type of muscle contraction is this?

Identify the bone highlighted in red in the diagram of the human lower leg.

Using the formula \(\text{Mechanical advantage} = \text{effort arm} \div \text{weight (resistance) arm}\), calculate the mechanical advantage of a lever where the effort arm is \( 12 \text{ cm} \) and the resistance arm is \( 4 \text{ cm} \).

Identify the structure within a synovial joint that acts as a fluid-filled sac to reduce friction between bones and tendons, and explain how its function prevents injury during repetitive motions like running.

(a) Identify the two bones that meet at the shoulder and the two bones that meet at the hip.
(b) The skeletal system has several functions. State two different functions of the skeleton and explain how one of these functions is specifically useful to a marathon runner during a race.

The diagram shows the internal structure of a joint found in the human body.
(a) Identify the structures labeled A, B, and C.
(b) Explain how Structure B and ligaments help a sportsperson perform effectively and avoid injury during a high-impact match, such as rugby or basketball.