Biotechnology：練習問題

Which biological molecule is used in the production of fruit juice to make it clearer by breaking down plant cell walls?

In the industrial production of fruit juice, why is the enzyme pectinase added to the crushed fruit?

Which set of conditions is required for yeast to produce the maximum yield of ethanol for use as a biofuel?

In the process of bread-making, what is the role of yeast?

Why are biological washing powders containing enzymes more effective than non-biological powders at removing certain stains at low temperatures?

In large-scale biotechnology, explain why the temperature inside an industrial fermenter must be carefully controlled using a water jacket.

In an industrial fermenter used for the production of penicillin, explain why the nutrient supply and oxygen concentration must be constantly monitored and adjusted.

(a) Yeast is a microorganism used in bread-making. Describe how yeast causes the bread dough to rise during the production process.
(b) State the name of the chemical process used by yeast to release energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen.
(c) The enzyme pectinase is used in the commercial production of fruit juices. Explain the benefit of adding pectinase to the fruit pulp.