Homeostasis：練習問題

Which of the following describes homeostasis?

Which row in the table correctly identifies the physiological response of the skin to a decrease in body temperature?

\(\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline & \text{Sweat glands} & \text{Hair erector muscles} \\ \hline \text{A} & \text{Secrete more sweat} & \text{Contract} \\ \hline \text{B} & \text{Secrete less sweat} & \text{Relax} \\ \hline \text{C} & \text{Secrete more sweat} & \text{Relax} \\ \hline \text{D} & \text{Secrete less sweat} & \text{Contract} \\ \hline \end{array}\)

The hormones glucagon and adrenaline both increase the concentration of glucose in the blood by acting on the liver. Which statement correctly distinguishes the homeostatic role of glucagon from the role of adrenaline?

Which of the following is a physiological response to a decrease in body temperature in mammals?

Which description accurately outlines the homeostatic control of blood glucose concentration when it falls below the set point?

State what is meant by the term homeostasis.

Describe two ways in which Type 1 diabetes is typically managed to maintain a stable blood glucose concentration.

Explain how vasoconstriction helps to maintain a constant internal body temperature when a mammal is in a cold environment.

The human body maintains a stable internal environment through the process of homeostasis.

(a) Describe the physiological responses that occur in the human skin when the body's internal temperature falls below its set point of \( 37 \) °C. In your answer, explain the mechanism and benefit of vasoconstriction.

(b) Explain the role of the brain in coordinating the homeostatic response to a change in body temperature.

(c) When blood glucose levels decrease, the body must react to restore them. Describe the roles of the pancreas, the hormone glucagon, and the liver in this process.

The diagram illustrates a section through human skin with several structures labeled.
(a) Explain the concept of homeostatic control by negative feedback, using body temperature regulation as an example.
(b) Describe in detail the physiological responses of the skin when the internal body temperature rises above the set point of \( 37 \) °C. In your answer, refer specifically to the roles of vasodilation and sweat glands.