Formulae, functional groups and terminology：練習問題

A molecule is described as being saturated. Which type of bond is found between all carbon atoms in this molecule?

Two molecules are described as being structural isomers of each other. Which feature must be the same for both molecules?

How many structural isomers exist for the molecular formula \(C_4H_{10}\)?

Which general formula represents the homologous series of alkanes?

A molecule of an organic compound is represented by the structural formula \(CH_3CH_2COOCH_3\).
Which homologous series does this compound belong to?

Define the term hydrocarbon.

State three general characteristics shared by members of the same homologous series.

An unbranched alkane has a relative molecular mass \((M_r)\) of 72. Using the general formula for alkanes, determine its molecular formula. (Relative atomic masses: \(C = 12\), \(H = 1\))

The molecular formula \(C_4H_8\) represents several structural isomers.

(a) Define the term structural isomers.
(b) Define the term unsaturated hydrocarbon.
(c) There are two straight-chain isomers of \(C_4H_8\) that are alkenes. Draw the displayed formulae for both of these isomers.
(d) There is a third alkene isomer of \(C_4H_8\) that has a branched structure. Write the unambiguous structural formula for this branched isomer.
(e) Identify the functional group present in these isomers.

Organic compounds are grouped into homologous series based on their structure and chemical behavior.

(a) State three general characteristics of a homologous series.

(b) Define the term structural isomers.

(c) Consider the molecular formula \( \text{C}_4\text{H}_{10} \).

(i) Draw the displayed formulae for the two structural isomers of \( \text{C}_4\text{H}_{10} \).

(ii) Provide the systematic IUPAC names for both isomers identified in (c)(i).