The water cycle：練習問題

In the water cycle, which term is used to describe water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface in forms such as rain, snow, or sleet?

Using particle theory, which statement best describes the process of diffusion in sea water?

During the process of evaporation from the ocean surface, what happens to the energy and kinetic energy of the water molecules?

According to particle theory, which statement correctly describes the arrangement and motion of water molecules in the liquid state?

Which of the following factors would typically lead to a decrease in the rate of evaporation of water from the ocean surface?

State which state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) contains water molecules with the least amount of kinetic energy.

A sample of water vapor at \(100 ^\circ C\) undergoes condensation to form liquid water at the same temperature. Using particle theory, explain the change in the arrangement of the water molecules and state whether the internal energy of the water increases or decreases during this process.

In the context of the water cycle, explain the relationship between precipitation and surface run-off, and describe how gravity acts as the primary driving force for the movement of water from high-altitude land masses back to the ocean basins.

(a) State the relationship between the temperature of a substance and the kinetic energy of its particles.
(b) Name the process that occurs when water vapor in the atmosphere changes into liquid water droplets.
(c) State whether energy is absorbed or released by the water during the process of freezing.

A student conducts an investigation to determine how different environmental factors influence the rate of evaporation from a simulated ocean surface.

(a) Identify three factors that affect the rate of evaporation of water from the oceans.
(b) For one of the factors identified in (a), explain in terms of kinetic energy why an increase in that factor leads to a higher rate of evaporation.
(c) Describe how the presence of dissolved salts in sea water might affect the rate of evaporation compared to fresh water.