States of matter：練習問題

Which statement correctly describes the arrangement and motion of particles in a solid?

A sealed gas syringe contains a fixed mass of air. The piston is pushed inwards at a constant temperature, reducing the volume of the gas.
How does the kinetic particle theory explain the resulting increase in pressure?

In a laboratory demonstration, a glass tube connects two gas jars. One jar contains hydrogen chloride gas (\( HCl \), \( M_r = 36.5 \)) and the other contains ammonia gas (\( NH_3 \), \( M_r = 17 \)). After a few minutes, a white solid of ammonium chloride forms inside the tube. At which position is the solid most likely to form and why?

Which statement correctly describes the arrangement and motion of particles in a gas?

The diagram represents the arrangement of particles in the three states of matter: X, Y, and Z.
State X: Particles are touching and arranged in a regular pattern.
State Y: Particles are touching but arranged randomly.
State Z: Particles are far apart and arranged randomly.
Which change of state describes the process of boiling?

Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a solid.

Using kinetic particle theory, explain why the volume of a gas decreases when the pressure is increased while the temperature remains constant.

A student investigates the diffusion of two gases, \( X \) and \( Y \). Gas \( X \) has a relative molecular mass \( (M_r) \) of 44, while gas \( Y \) has an \( M_r \) of 17. Compare the rates of diffusion of these two gases and explain your answer in terms of the kinetic particle theory.

A student investigates the rate of diffusion of two different gases, gas X and gas Y, through a porous plug. The student records the time taken for \( 50 \text{ cm}^3 \) of each gas to diffuse at the same temperature and pressure.

(a) Describe the relationship between the relative molecular mass (\( M_r \)) of a gas and its rate of diffusion. Support your answer using the kinetic particle theory.

(b) In the experiment, gas X (\( M_r = 16 \)) takes 20 seconds to diffuse. Gas Y (\( M_r = 64 \)) takes 40 seconds to diffuse. Calculate the relative rate of diffusion of gas X compared to gas Y.

(c) Explain the effect of increasing the temperature of the surroundings on the rate of diffusion of gas X in terms of kinetic particle theory.

(d) Predict how the rate of diffusion of gas X would change if the pressure on the gas was increased while the volume was kept constant. Justify your answer.