Reactions: substitution, addition, oxidation, esterification, hydrolysis; inter-conversions：練習問題

Which of the following describes the reaction between ethene and hydrogen gas in the presence of a nickel catalyst?

The chemical process in which an alkanol reacts with an alkanoic acid to produce an organic compound and water is known as:

An organic compound X with the molecular formula \(C_4H_8O\) reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form an orange precipitate, but it does not form a silver mirror when warmed with Tollens' reagent. Which of the following is the major organic product formed when X reacts with \(NaBH_4\)?

Which of the following organic compounds is the major product formed when propene reacts with cold, dilute acidified potassium permanganate solution?

Which of the following statements concerning the reaction between propene and hydrogen bromide is correct?

When 2-bromopropane is heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, it undergoes a reaction to form an alcohol. Identify the type of reaction and state the IUPAC name of the alcohol produced.

Propan-2-ol can be converted to propene. State the reagents and conditions required for this conversion, and identify the type of reaction.

Consider the synthesis pathway starting from propan-1-ol ($$CH_3CH_2CH_2OH$$):

(a) Propan-1-ol is converted to propanal ($$CH_3CH_2CHO$$). Suggest the reagents and conditions required for this selective transformation.

(b) Propanal is then fully oxidised to propanoic acid ($$CH_3CH_2COOH$$). State the reagents and conditions for this step.

(c) Propanoic acid is reacted with methanol ($$CH_3OH$$) to form methyl propanoate ($$CH_3CH_2COOCH_3$$). Identify the reagents and conditions for this reaction.

(d) Finally, describe how methyl propanoate can be converted back into propanoic acid, stating the type of reaction, reagents, and conditions.

The reaction between methane (\(CH_4\)) and chlorine (\(Cl_2\)) is a fundamental organic transformation that occurs under specific conditions.

(a) Name the type of reaction that occurs between methane and chlorine. (1 mark)

(b) State the essential condition required for this reaction to proceed and explain its role in the reaction process. (2 marks)

(c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the formation of chloromethane (\(CH_3Cl\)) from methane. (1 mark)

Consider the organic compound butan-1-ol, which can be chemically converted into various other functional groups.

(a) Draw the structural formula of butan-1-ol and state the general formula for its homologous series.

(b) Butan-1-ol can be converted into an aldehyde, butanal, by controlled oxidation. State the reagent and essential condition required for this conversion.

(c) If butan-1-ol is oxidized completely by heating under reflux with excess acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution, what is the systematic name of the final organic product formed?

(d) Butan-1-ol can undergo dehydration to form an alkene. Write the structural formula of the major organic product formed when that alkene reacts with hydrogen bromide (\(HBr\)), applying Markovnikov's rule.