Free trade and trade barriers：練習問題

Which of the following trade barriers involves a direct restriction on the physical quantity of a specific good that may be imported into a country during a given period?

Suppose a small open economy imposes an effective import quota on a good. Compared to a situation of free trade, what are the resulting effects on the domestic price and domestic output?

Consider two countries, Alpha and Beta, that could engage in free trade. Alpha's existing industries are generally less efficient than Beta's, but Alpha's government argues that unrestricted free trade would prevent its nascent high-tech industry from ever developing. This infant industry argument is often countered by proponents of free trade, who point to which of the following as a potential long-term benefit for Alpha, even for its high-tech sector?

When a small open economy imposes a unit tariff on an imported good, how does it typically affect the domestic consumers and the government?

Country A can produce either \(5\) units of \(X\) or \(10\) units of \(Y\) with one unit of resources. Country B can produce either \(2\) units of \(X\) or \(8\) units of \(Y\) with one unit of resources. If the countries trade at a rate of \(1\) unit of \(X\) for \(3\) units of \(Y\), what is the gain from trade for the country exporting \(X\), per unit of export?

Identify one common type of trade barrier and briefly explain its primary effect on the quantity of imported goods.

Suppose Country B imposes a new specific tariff on imported smartphones. Explain two immediate effects of this tariff on the domestic market for smartphones in Country B, assuming it is a small open economy.

A small open economy decides to impose a specific tariff on imported luxury cars. Evaluate the overall welfare impact of this policy, considering its effects on domestic consumers, domestic producers, and the government.

Country A's government is facing pressure from its domestic steel producers to impose an import tariff on foreign steel. The producers argue that this protection is essential for the survival and growth of their nascent industry.

a) Explain the economic argument put forward by the domestic steel producers to justify the import tariff.

b) Briefly explain how free trade advocates would counter this argument, referring to the principle of comparative advantage.

Country X, a major importer of textiles, imposes a new import quota, significantly reducing the quantity of textiles allowed into the country. This action is taken to protect its struggling domestic textile industry.

a) Explain one intended economic benefit for Country X from imposing this import quota.

b) Explain one unintended economic consequence for Country X's consumers as a result of the quota, apart from a higher price.

c) If Country Y, a major textile exporter to Country X, decides to retaliate by imposing an import tariff on Country X's agricultural exports, explain how this might impact the agricultural sector in Country X.