Environmental issues：練習問題

Which of the following greenhouse gases is primarily released through agricultural activities such as livestock digestion and rice paddy cultivation?

Which of the following strategies represents a 'soft' management approach to mitigate coastal erosion and protect the coastline?

What is the primary function of an urban green roof in mitigating environmental issues within a densely built city?

Which specific factor contributes most significantly to the formation of acid rain in rapidly developing industrial regions?

Which term describes the natural process where fertile land becomes arid desert due to deforestation, climate change, or inappropriate agricultural practices?

Densely populated urban areas often experience significantly higher temperatures than their surrounding rural areas, a phenomenon known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This effect is a critical environmental issue, especially in the context of global climate change.

(a) Explain the physical causes and characteristics of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. (2 marks)

(b) Discuss the socio-economic and environmental impacts of the UHI effect on the inhabitants and the ecosystem of a highly urbanised city. (3 marks)

(c) Evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of TWO different management strategies that can be adopted to mitigate the UHI effect and promote sustainable urban development. (3 marks)

Tropical rainforests are complex ecosystems that play a vital role in global environmental equilibrium, yet they face severe threats from large-scale deforestation.

(a) Explain how large-scale deforestation in tropical rainforests affects local and global climate systems.
(b) Discuss how the removal of forest cover disrupts the internal nutrient cycling of a tropical rainforest ecosystem.
(c) Evaluate one major socio-economic challenge in implementing effective international conservation agreements for tropical rainforests.