人類應對：減災、防備與復原：练习题

Which stage of human response to a tectonic disaster involves providing immediate medical care, food, and temporary shelter to victims?

In the following land-use zoning map of a volcanic island, which area would be most effectively protected through a restriction on permanent residential development to mitigate the risk of lahars?

Despite the presence of sophisticated technological systems for hazard detection, effective disaster preparedness in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) often faces significant challenges. In a coastal LDC with an operational tsunami detection system, which of the following is the most common and critical bottleneck that hinders timely and successful public evacuation?

Which of the following is considered a preparedness measure against tectonic hazards?

An early warning system for a potential volcanic eruption is technically sophisticated but fails to prevent significant casualties in a nearby rural community in a Less Developed Country (LDC). Which of the following is the most probable breakdown in the 'last mile' of the warning chain?

In the context of human responses to hazards, what is the main goal of preparedness measures?

Explain why the establishment of community-based evacuation centers and emergency drills are classified as preparedness measures rather than mitigation strategies in the response to tectonic hazards.

Explain how the socio-economic constraint of settlement inertia often undermines the implementation of land-use zoning as a mitigation strategy during the recovery phase of a tectonic disaster cycle.

Preparedness is a proactive phase in the hazard management cycle.
(a) Identify two essential components that should be included in a community earthquake drill. (2 points)
(b) Explain how hazard mapping can assist local governments in preparing for emergency response and evacuation. (2 points)

Mitigation strategies can be categorized into structural and non-structural measures.
(a) Identify two structural engineering techniques used to reinforce buildings in earthquake-prone areas. (2 points)
(b) Explain how land-use zoning serves as a non-structural mitigation measure to reduce volcanic risks. (2 points)