Genetic diversity can arise as a result of mutation or during meiosis：练习题

A scientist investigated the effect of a substitution mutation in an exon of a gene. Although the DNA base sequence changed, the primary structure of the protein remained identical. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

During meiosis, the number of possible chromosome combinations in the gametes can be calculated. In an organism where \(2n = 8\), how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be produced by independent segregation alone, assuming no crossing over occurs?

In a species of plant, the diploid number is 32 (\( 2n = 32 \)). During meiosis, independent segregation of homologous chromosomes occurs. Calculate the number of possible chromosome combinations that can be produced in the resulting gametes, assuming no crossing over occurs.

Calculate the number of possible chromosome combinations produced by independent segregation in an organism where the diploid number is 14 (\(2n = 14\)), and then calculate the total combinations possible if random fertilisation occurs between two such gametes (assume no crossing over).

A base substitution mutation occurs in a gene. Which property of the genetic code explains why this might result in a silent mutation where the primary structure of the protein is unaffected?

Explain how the process of independent segregation during meiosis I contributes to genetic variation between daughter cells.

Describe the specific role of independent segregation during the first meiotic division in generating genetic variation.

In an organism with a diploid number of \( 2n = 6 \), calculate the total number of possible chromosome combinations in the gametes produced by independent segregation during meiosis, and explain how crossing over further increases this variation.