Homologous series (alkanes, alkenes, haloalkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, amides, amines)：練習問題

The conversion of a haloalkane to an alcohol using aqueous sodium hydroxide is an example of which type of reaction?

Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the observation when butan-1-amine is added to a solution of copper(II) sulphate until butan-1-amine is in excess?

What is the general formula for alkenes?

What is the systematic IUPAC name for the haloalkane with the structural formula \( CH_3CH(Cl)CH(CH_3)CH_2CH_3 \)?

Define homologous series and state two characteristics of its members.

An organic compound A is produced by the reduction of ethanoic acid with lithium aluminium hydride (\( LiAlH_4 \)). Name compound A and identify the homologous series to which it belongs.

Outline a reaction sequence to convert ethene into ethyl ethanoate. Specify the reagents and conditions required for each conversion step.

A student performs an experiment to synthesize an ester, compound A, by reacting propanoic acid with an unknown alcohol, compound R, in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The molecular formula of the alcohol R is \(C_3H_8O\).

(a) If the alcohol R is propan-1-ol, draw its structural formula and state the name of its characteristic homologous series.

(b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between propanoic acid and propan-1-ol. Use structural formulae for all organic reactants and products.

(c) State the primary role of concentrated sulfuric acid in this esterification reaction.

Compound X has the molecular formula \(C_4H_9NO\). It is an unsubstituted amide.

(a) Draw the structural formula of X and give its systematic name. (2 marks)

(b) Compound X can be synthesized from a primary alcohol Y via a two-step process. Identify alcohol Y and state the reagents and conditions for each step. (3 marks)

(c) At room temperature, X is a crystalline solid, while its structural isomer \(N,N\)-dimethylethanamide is a liquid. Explain this difference in physical state with reference to their molecular structures and intermolecular forces. (2 marks)

(d) Write a balanced chemical equation for the hydrolysis of X in the presence of hot dilute hydrochloric acid. (1 mark)