Types of movements：練習問題

When a swimmer performs a breaststroke kick, the legs move outward and then inward in a sweeping motion. In which anatomical plane does this recovery and power phase primarily occur, and which axis is involved?

When an individual performs a standing calf raise (rising onto the balls of the feet), the ankle joint acts as a lever. Identify the class of lever and the resulting mechanical advantage.

When an athlete performs a standing cable fly, moving their arms from a wide position out at their sides to meeting in front of their chest at shoulder height, the shoulder joint undergoes a specific movement. Identify the joint action, the anatomical plane, and the axis involved in this action.

Identify the joint action, plane, and axis when a golfer performs the "backswing" phase, specifically the rotation of the trunk relative to the hips.

When a gymnast performs a cartwheel, moving sideways along a straight line, which anatomical plane does the body primarily move within, and around which axis is the rotation occurring?

Describe the difference between flexion and extension in terms of the joint angle during movement.

Identify the anatomical plane and the axis of rotation for a gymnast performing a full 360-degree pirouette spin.

During the pull-up phase of a chin-up, identify the joint action at the shoulder and the anatomical plane in which the arms move when the elbows are drawn down to the sides of the body.

Analyze the knee extension movement during the execution of a soccer place kick.

(a) Identify the agonist muscle and the class of lever involved in this movement at the knee joint. (2 points)
(b) Most human movements involve third-class levers. Explain why this class of lever is described as having a mechanical disadvantage regarding force production, but a mechanical advantage regarding the speed of movement at the distal end of the limb. (2 points)
(c) Identify the anatomical plane and the axis of rotation for this knee extension movement. (2 points)