Weight Control：練習問題

Which of the following methods is most commonly used in schools to estimate an individual's body fatness based on the relationship between height and weight?

In the context of weight control, which of the following biological factors would most likely lead to an increase in an individual's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

In hydrostatic weighing, the Archimedes' Principle is used to determine body density. If Athlete X and Athlete Y have the same total body mass, but Athlete X has a higher body volume, which of the following is true?

Which of the following best describes the function of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in the body, and why is it often monitored in weight control?

In the context of weight control and energy balance, how does an increase in the proportion of dietary protein affect the Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) compared to fats or carbohydrates?

An individual has a daily caloric intake of \( 2800 \text{ kcal} \) and a total energy expenditure of \( 2400 \text{ kcal} \). Calculate their energy balance and predict the likely change in their body mass over time.

Discuss how the hormonal regulation of appetite, specifically involving leptin and ghrelin, shifts during a period of chronic negative energy balance and the impact this has on long-term weight control.

A 25-year-old male weighs \( 80 \text{ kg} \) and has a Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) of \( 1800 \text{ kcal} \). He works a sedentary office job and performs moderate exercise 3 times a week (Physical Activity Level factor = \( 1.55 \)).

(a) Calculate his Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE). (2 points)
(b) If he wishes to lose \( 0.5 \text{ kg} \) of body fat per week, calculate his daily target caloric intake, assuming \( 1 \text{ kg} \) of fat is approximately \( 7700 \text{ kcal} \). (2 points)

Athletes in weight-category sports, such as judo or boxing, often engage in rapid weight loss (weight cutting) before competition.

(a) Identify two common physiological methods used by athletes to achieve rapid weight loss within a 48-hour period. (2 points)
(b) Explain how the resulting hypohydration (dehydration) can lead to a decrease in stroke volume and an increase in core body temperature during performance. (3 points)