Sociology (9699)

9个单元 · 55个章节

免费的Sociology (9699)学习笔记,专为Cambridge International A Level学生准备。下列每个章节都涵盖一个重点主题,附有例题与练习提示,可在 thinka 应用中延伸练习。

Socialisation and the creation of social identity (AS, Paper 1)

  • The process of learning and socialisation

  • Agencies of socialisation and social control

  • Social control, conformity and resistance

  • Structure and agency: structuralist and interactionist views

  • Deviance and non-conformity

  • Social identity: class, gender, ethnicity and age

  • Changing identities, globalisation and hybridity

Methods of research (AS, Paper 1)

  • Types of data: primary, secondary, quantitative, qualitative

  • Secondary sources: official statistics, documents, digital and media content

  • Quantitative methods: questionnaires, structured interviews, experiments, content analysis

  • Qualitative methods: observation, unstructured and group interviews

  • Stages of research design, sampling and operationalisation

  • Research approaches: case studies, surveys, ethnography, longitudinal and mixed methods

  • Positivism, interpretivism and the science debate

  • Research issues: theoretical, practical and ethical considerations

Theories of the family and social change (AS, Paper 2)

  • Functionalist and Marxist perspectives on the family

  • Feminist responses to functionalist and Marxist accounts

  • Changing patterns of marriage, cohabitation, divorce and separation

  • Family and household forms and dimensions of diversity

  • The nuclear family debate: New Right and postmodernist views

  • The state and social policy as influences on the family

Family roles and changing relationships (AS, Paper 2)

  • Gender equality and power in the family

  • Conjugal roles: housework, childcare and emotion work

  • Positive and negative experiences of family life

  • The social construction of childhood

  • Grandparents, life expectancy and the family

  • Changing concepts of motherhood and fatherhood

Education and society (A Level only, Paper 3)

  • Functionalist and Marxist theories of the role of education

  • New Right and social democratic views on education and the economy

  • Meritocracy, life chances and social mobility

  • The social construction of knowledge and influences on the curriculum

  • Hidden, ethnocentric and gendered curriculum; cultural capital

Education and inequality (A Level only, Paper 3)

  • Intelligence, IQ testing and educational attainment

  • Social class and educational attainment: material and cultural factors

  • In-school factors: labelling, ability grouping and pupil subcultures

  • Ethnicity and educational attainment

  • Gender and educational attainment

Globalisation (A Level only, Paper 4 Section A)

  • Perspectives on globalisation: definitions, dimensions and who benefits

  • Globalisation and identity: hybridity, cultural defence, convergence

  • Globalisation, power and politics

  • Globalisation, poverty and global inequalities

  • Globalisation and migration

  • Globalisation and crime

Media (A Level only, Paper 4 Section B)

  • Traditional media, new media and ownership

  • Theories of the media and influences on media content

  • The impact of the new media

  • Media representations of class, gender, ethnicity and age

  • Models of media effects

  • The impact of the media on behaviour

Religion (A Level only, Paper 4 Section C)

  • Defining religion, measuring belief and religiosity

  • Functionalist and Marxist accounts of religion and social order

  • Religion as a source of social change

  • The secularisation debate

  • Gender, feminism and religion

  • Religion and post-modernity: NRMs, New Age and fundamentalism

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